Tirucallol

Japanese: tirucallol
Tirucallol

…Because the stamens have joints, some consider each stamen to be a degenerated male flower and the pistil to be a degenerated female flower, and the flower to be an inflorescence. When the stems or leaves are damaged, a white milky liquid comes out, from which more than 10 stereoisomers of petroleum-related steroid triterpenoids, including euphol, tirucallol, euphorbol, and α-amyrin, have been discovered. They are broadly divided into six groups based on the presence or absence of evergreen leaves, the presence and shape of thorns, and whether the peduncle is persistent or not, but the main species groups are the chlorotic types, which lack ridges and thorns on the stem; the thorny types, which have persistent thorny peduncle; the euonymus types (cleft peduncle types), which have a pair of stipule spines, many of which are lobed; and the antipodes, which have ridged stems, non-persistent peduncle, and needle-like spines. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "tirucallol" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…おしべに関節を有することから,1個1個のおしべを退化した雄花,めしべは退化した雌花とみなし,花を花序とする見解もある。茎葉を傷つけると白い乳液が出るが,その中からユホールeuphol,チルカロールtirucallol,ユホルボールeuphorbolやアルファアミリンα‐amyrinをはじめ,石油関連のステロイド系のトリテルペノイドの立体異性体が10以上発見されている。 常緑葉の有無,とげの有無や形,花梗が宿存するか否かなどで六つの群に大別されるが,主な種群は茎に稜ととげを欠く緑枝類,花梗がとげ状に宿存する花刺類,1対の托葉刺をもち,多くはそれが裂けるハナキリン類(裂刺類),茎は有稜で,花梗は宿存せず,針状刺をもつ対刺類の4群である。…

※「tirucallol」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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