tirthankara (English spelling)

Japanese: tīrthaṅkara(英語表記)tirthankara
tirthankara (English spelling)

…He traveled for the next 30 years, preaching his teachings and winning followers, and died at the age of 72 in the village of Pābā near the city of Pataliputra (now Patna). According to Jains, there were already 23 masters called tīrthaṅkara before Mahāvīra. Tīrthaṅkara means "one who makes a tīrtha" or "a savior," and refers to a jīna. …

From [Jain Art]

...Also, excavations and reliefs at the Kaṅkālī Ṭīlā in Mathura show that Jains also actively built stupas in ancient times. The creation of statues of the 24 Tīrthaṅkara (tīrthaṅkara) began almost simultaneously with the appearance of Buddha statues in Mathura (early 2nd century), and their appearance, standing or sitting in a lotus position, closely resembles that of Buddha. However, they can be distinguished by being completely naked (the white-robed sect wore clothing from the mid-5th century onwards), by the banners unique to each patriarch, and by the unique symbols on their chests. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "tīrthaṅkara" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…以後30年間遊行しながら教えを説き広め,信者を獲得し,72歳でパータリプトラ(現,パトナ)市近郊のパーバー村で生涯を閉じた。 ジャイナ教徒によれば,すでにマハービーラ以前に23人のティールタンカラtīrthaṅkaraと呼ばれる祖師たちがいた。ティールタンカラとは〈渡し(ティールタ)を作る人〉〈救済者〉の意味で,ジナのことをさす。…

【ジャイナ教美術】より

…またマトゥラーのカンカーリー・ティーラーKaṅkālī Ṭīlāの発掘や浮彫遺品から,古代にはジャイナ教徒も盛んにストゥーパを造営したことがわかる。 24人の祖師(ティールタンカラtīrthaṅkara)の造像はマトゥラーにおいて仏陀像の出現(2世紀初期)とほぼ同時に始まり,直立または結跏趺坐するその像容は仏陀像に酷似する。しかし全裸であること(5世紀中期以後白衣(びやくえ)派では下半身に衣をまとう),各祖師固有の標幟,胸間の特有のシンボルなどで区別し得る。…

※「tīrthaṅkara」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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