Market Square - Ichiba Hiroba

Japanese: 市場広場 - いちばひろば

…These three functions existed throughout Western Europe since the early Middle Ages, but with the establishment of medieval cities from the 11th century onwards, they were combined into the three functions that cities themselves possessed. In other words, the common characteristics that define the appearance of medieval cities are that they were surrounded by city walls for defense, had a church as a religious center, and had a market square adjacent to it. In addition, by accumulating various privileges, medieval cities formed special legal territories with their own autonomy, called "city laws," within feudal society, and the overall city administration was managed independently by the city council system. …

From the Square

...open spaces used mainly by pedestrians. When viewed by function, squares can be used as meeting squares where citizens gather, religious squares in front of churches, market squares where markets are held, memorial squares with obelisks or statues, sports squares used for simple sports, transportation squares such as roundabouts and station squares, residential squares around apartment complexes, and evacuation squares for evacuation in the event of a disaster. Although they are assumed to have specialized functions, squares are essentially multi-use spaces. Squares are listed as one of the public open spaces along with parks in Article 11 of the City Planning Act (urban facilities), and as one of the park facilities in Article 2 of the Urban Parks Act, but they are not limited to those stipulated here.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Market Square" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この三つは西ヨーロッパの全域にすでに初期中世から存在したものであるが，それが11世紀以降の中世都市の成立により，都市そのものが具備する3機能として合体したと考えてよい。すなわち防備のために市壁をめぐらし，宗教の中心として教会をもち，それに接して市場広場Marktplatzをもつというのが，中世都市の外観を示す共通の特色である。　しかしそれに加えて中世都市は，各種の特権を集積することによって，封建社会の中でそれぞれの〈都市法〉という独自の自治権をもつ特殊法域を形成し，市政の全般は市参事会制度により自主的に運営された。…

【広場】より

…うち開けた場所でおもに歩行者の利用に供するもの。広場を機能別にみれば，市民が集う集会広場，教会の前などの宗教広場，市が開かれる市場広場，オベリスクや彫像が立つ記念広場，簡易なスポーツに利用される運動広場，ロータリーや駅前広場などの交通広場，集合住宅の周りなどに配される生活広場，災害の際に避難する避難広場などがあり特化した機能が想定されるが，広場は本質的には多用途の空間である。　広場は都市計画法11条〈都市施設〉の中に公園とならんで公共空地の一つとして，都市公園法では2条に公園施設の一つとしてあげられているが，ここに規定されるもののみが広場ではない。…

※「市場広場」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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