Ikuo Oyama

Japanese: 大山郁夫 - おおやまいくお
Ikuo Oyama

Social activist and political scientist. Born in Hyogo Prefecture on September 20, 1880. Graduated from Waseda University's Department of Political Science and Economics in 1905 (Meiji 38). Became a lecturer at the same school in 1906, studied abroad in the United States and Germany from 1910, and returned to Japan in 1914 (Taisho 3) to become a professor. He entered the public sphere with a theory of democracy with a nationalistic coloring. During the Waseda Riots in 1917, he resigned from the university in protest against the dismissal of a fellow professor and joined the Osaka Asahi Shimbun Company. The following year, during the rice riots, he resigned along with other editorial writers in the Osaka Asahi Shimbun editorial scandal (Hakkou editorial scandal). In 1919, he founded the magazine "Warera" with Hasegawa Nyozekan and others, and returned to Waseda in 1920. From this time on, he shed his nationalistic tendencies and, using the theory of social groups as a clue, approached socialism, advocating the need for intellectuals to participate and cooperate in the proletarian movement. In 1923, he took part in the anti-military research group movement, which led him to become the center of the movement within Waseda University to defend university freedom and autonomy. In 1924, he became a founding member of the Political Research Association, and in 1926, he became chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Labor-Farmer Party. In his memorial speech for the assassinated Yamamoto Senji, he famously said, "Where we go is the battlefield and the graveyard." After the Labor-Farmer Party was dissolved in 1928, he formed the New Labor-Farmer Party in November 1929 (Showa 4), and was elected to the House of Representatives the following year. However, due to an internal movement to dissolve the Labor-Farmer Party, the party was forced to merge with another party, and Oyama became politically isolated. In 1932, he traveled to the United States, where he lived in exile for 16 years. He returned to Japan in 1947 (Showa 22), rejoined Waseda University, and participated in the peace movement, receiving the International Stalin Prize in 1951. He became a member of the House of Councillors in 1950, and passed away on November 30, 1955 (Showa 30).

[Shiro Akazawa]

"The Complete Works of Ikuo Oyama" 5 volumes (1947-1949, Chuokoron-Shinsha)""The Life of Ikuo Oyama" 2 volumes (1956, Chuokoron-Shinsha), edited by the Oyama Memorial Foundation

Ikuo Oyama
©Shogakukan Library ">

Ikuo Oyama


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

社会運動家、政治学者。明治13年9月20日兵庫県生まれ。1905年(明治38)早稲田(わせだ)大学政治経済学科を卒業。1906年同校講師となり、1910年よりアメリカとドイツに留学、1914年(大正3)帰国して教授となる。国家主義的な色彩をもつデモクラシー論を携えて論壇に登場。1917年早稲田騒動に際し、同僚教授の解雇に反対して大学を辞し、大阪朝日新聞社に入社。翌年米騒動時の大阪朝日新聞筆禍事件(白虹(はっこう)筆禍事件)に際し、他の論説委員とともに辞職した。1919年長谷川如是閑(はせがわにょぜかん)らと雑誌『我等(われら)』を創刊し、1920年には早大に復職した。このころから国家主義的な色彩を払拭(ふっしょく)して、社会集団論を手掛りに社会主義に接近し、知識人の無産運動への参加協力の必要を唱えるようになる。そして1923年軍事研究団反対運動への参加を契機に、早大内で大学の自由と自治擁護運動の中心となった。1924年政治研究会創立委員となり、1926年労働農民党の中央執行委員長に就任、暗殺された山本宣治(やまもとせんじ)追悼演説のときの「われらの行くところは戦場であり墓場である」の文句は有名である。労働農民党の解散(1928)後、1929年(昭和4)11月新労農党を結成し翌年衆議院議員に当選したが、労農党は内部からの解消運動によって他党との合同を余儀なくされ、大山は政治的に孤立して、1932年渡米、16年間亡命生活を送る。1947年(昭和22)に帰国、早大に復帰して平和運動に参加し、1951年には国際スターリン賞を受賞した。1950年から参議院議員となり、1955年(昭和30)11月30日死去した。

[赤澤史朗]

『『大山郁夫全集』全5巻(1947~1949・中央公論社)』『大山記念事業会編『大山郁夫伝』全2巻(1956・中央公論社)』

大山郁夫
©小学館ライブラリー">

大山郁夫


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