Harding, S.

…Concerned about the declining number of applicants and the excessive secularization of monasteries, the founder aimed to revive spirituality through strict adherence to the Benedictine Rule, a frugal lifestyle with simple clothing and food, and work to cultivate wasteland. Robert himself returned to the Benedictine Order a year later, but the foundations of discipline and organization were solidified during the time of Stephen Harding, the third abbot (1109-33). The Order experienced rapid growth, especially after the admission of the Champagne nobleman Bernard and many of his family members (1112). The Rules of the Order, Carta caritatis (Charity Charter), drafted in 1114, were imbued with the spirit of Christian charity, elevated the ideals of monks, and at the same time served as a moral guide for the laity, becoming the new authority for the administration of the Order. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Harding, S." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…修道士志願者が減少し修道院の世俗化が目にあまる時勢を憂えて，創立者は〈ベネディクトゥスの会則〉の厳格な励行，粗衣粗食の質素な生活，荒地の開墾作業などによる霊性の復興をめざした。ロベール自身は1年後ベネディクト会へ戻ったが，第3代修道院長ハーディングStephen Hardingの時代(1109‐33)に規律と組織の面で基礎が固められ，特にシャンパーニュ貴族ベルナールとその一族多数の入会(1112)以来会勢は急速な発展をとげた。1114年起草された会則〈カルタ･カリタティスCarta caritatis(愛の憲章)〉は，キリスト教的愛徳の精神につらぬかれ，修道者の理想を高くかかげると同時に一般信徒への道徳的指針ともなり，修道会運営の新しい典拠とされた。…

※「Harding，S.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報