...The term jongleurs (from Occitan (southern France) joglar) in the broad sense of the word is so ancient that it is mentioned in Gallo-Roman documents, and was a general term for street performers and traveling entertainers, namely, storytellers, musicians, acrobats, stunt and strength performers, puppeteers, and animal handlers (female entertainers often doubled as prostitutes). They were considered the lowest class of society by church officials and were constantly criticized. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "joglar" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…広義の意味でのジョングルール(オック語(南フランス)のジョグラールjoglar)は,すでにガロ・ロマン期の文献に言及されるほど古くからの存在で,大道芸人,旅芸人の総称であった。すなわち,語り手,楽師,香具師(やし),曲芸師,離れ業や力業の見せ手,人形遣い,芸を仕込んだ動物の使い手等々で(女芸人はしばしば娼婦を兼ねていた),教会関係者からは社会の最下等層に位置づけられ,非難され続けた。… ※「joglar」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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