Formula manipulation

Japanese: 数式処理 - すうしきしょり(英語表記)formula manipulation
Formula manipulation

This refers to the work or technology of processing mathematical expressions as expressions using a computer, or the academic field that studies this technology. The basic processing involves the addition, subtraction, multiplication, differentiation, substitution, expansion, and rearrangement of expressions, but other areas of research include rational expression operations, calculation of the greatest common denominator polynomial, calculation of matrices and determinants with mathematical expressions as elements, solving linear equations with mathematical expressions as coefficients, indefinite integrals of rational expressions, and factorization of polynomials.

Historically, it began with attempts to use computers to automate or semi-automate the processing of huge amounts of mathematical formulas in astronomy from the late 1950s to the 1960s, and the success of JR Slagle's program in artificial intelligence research, which heuristically solved integral problems (indefinite integrals) at the university first year level. Currently, research is moving away from heuristic methods in artificial intelligence and instead focuses on algorithmizing algebraic calculations for processing mathematical formulas and improving their efficiency. Well-known representative computer algebra systems (CAS) include MACSYMA from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and REDUCE, developed mainly at the University of Utah.

[Akinori Yonezawa]

"Masao Iri et al., Iwanami Lectures on Information Science 23: Processing Numbers, Formulas, and Sentences" (1981, Iwanami Shoten)

[Reference] | Knowledge Engineering

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

数式を式のままコンピュータによって処理する仕事、技術、またはその技術を研究する学問分野をいう。処理の内容は、多項式の加減乗、微分、式の代入・展開・整理などが基本的なもので、このほか有理式演算、最大公約多項式の計算、数式を要素とする行列や行列式の計算、数式を係数とする一次方程式の解法、有理式の不定積分、多項式の因数分解などが研究されている。

 歴史的には、1950年代の末から60年代にかけて行われた天文学における膨大な数式の処理をコンピュータを用いて自動化あるいは半自動化する試みと、人工知能の研究における大学初年程度の積分(不定積分)の問題を発見的に解くアメリカのスレイグルJ. R. Slagleのプログラムの成功などに始まる。現在は、人工知能における発見的手法よりは、数式の処理のため代数計算のアルゴリズム化、およびその効率化の方向で研究が進められている。代表的な数式処理システム(CAS)として、アメリカのマサチューセッツ工科大学のMACSYMA(マクシマ)およびユタ大学を中心とするREDUCE(リデュース)などが有名である。

[米澤明憲]

『伊理正夫他著『岩波講座 情報科学23 数と式と文の処理』(1981・岩波書店)』

[参照項目] | 知識工学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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