jawali (English spelling)

Japanese: jawālī(英語表記)jawali
jawali (English spelling)

… [Yoshiki Morimoto]
[Islam]
In Islamic law, the term for poll tax is jizya, which was imposed only on free, able-bodied, adult males of non-Muslim dhimmis under Islamic sovereignty, and was collected in money. In addition to jizya, jāliya (originally meaning exile) and its plural, jawāli, were used as administrative terms, mainly in Egypt, until later times. Jizya is stated in the Quran, Chapter 9, Verse 29, to be collected from the People of the Book (Jews and Christians), and the Prophet Muhammad collected jizya from the People of the Book in the Arabian Peninsula, which was a poll tax of one dinar (one gold coin) per person per year.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "jawālī" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…【森本 芳樹】
[イスラム]
 イスラム法で人頭税を意味する用語はジズヤで,それはイスラムの主権のもとにある非イスラム教徒ジンミーの,自由身分で心身健全な成年男子のみに課せられ,貨幣で徴収された。行政用語としてはジズヤのほかにジャーリヤjāliya(原義は流亡者),その複数形ジャワーリーjawālīが,主としてエジプトで後世まで用いられた。ジズヤはコーラン9章29節に啓典の民(ユダヤ教徒とキリスト教徒)から徴収すべきものとされ,預言者ムハンマドはアラビア半島で啓典の民からジズヤを徴収したが,それは1人当り毎年1ディーナール(金貨1枚)の人頭税であった。…

※「jawālī」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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