...These two classes sometimes shared common interests, but they also competed with each other in the distribution of water, the sale of harvests, and the securing of labor. The former managed farms that had been developed on formerly wasteland surrounding the village-owned farmland, using agricultural worker-tenant farmers living in residential areas called 'izbas, while the latter managed land on traditional village-owned farmland within the framework of a landlord-tenant relationship that reorganized the communal farming practices. The two groups organized their own pressure groups and even political parties, and competed for political power as influential figures both locally and at the national level. *Some of the terminology that mentions "'izba" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この二つの階層は,利害関係を共有することもあったが,水の分配,収穫物の販売,労働力の確保などにおいて対抗し合っていた。というのも,前者が,村落所属耕地の周辺に存在したかつての荒蕪地に展開された農場を,イズバ‘izbaと呼ばれる居住区に住む農業労働者的小作人を使って経営したのに対して,後者は,従来の村落所属耕地において,共同体的耕作慣行を再編成した地主・小作人関係の枠内で土地経営にあたっていたからである。そして,この両者は,それぞれの圧力団体,さらには政党を組織し,地方,中央における有力者として,その政治力を競い合った。… ※「‘izba」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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