FIM is an abbreviation of FIM. It was invented by EW Müller in 1951. A metal sample needle as shown in the figure is placed in an imaging gas (He, Ne, Ar, H2 or a mixture of these) of about 0.13 Pa and a high positive electric field is applied. The sample needle is cooled with liquid hydrogen (about 20 K) or nitrogen (about 78 K). The imaging gas atoms (molecules) are field ionized on the protruding atoms at the edge of the atomic surface that forms the tip of the sample, and the positive ions fly toward the screen, forming an image of a light spot corresponding to the protruding atom. The magnification of the ion image reaches 10 6 or more, and the resolution is about 0.2 nm, so the surface atomic arrangement of most metals can be observed by separating each atom. The ability to observe a single atomic vacancy is a major feature of FIM. FIM not only cleans the surface of the metal sample by field desorption and field evaporation, but also allows the distribution of the target phenomenon inside the sample to be observed. FIM is not only useful for research into surface physics and chemistry, but its application in metallurgy is also a major field. It is also expected to be applied to biological medicine in the future. The figure below shows the structure of the FIM itself and a He ion image of the Pt (111) center. In 1967, Müller and his collaborators developed the atom-probe field ion microscope, which was an FIM equipped with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. With this device, it became possible to select any light spot observed on the screen as an ion image, and to field-evaporate the corresponding atom (molecule) on the sample surface with a pulse of 10-9 s, and then to identify its chemical species by mass analysis. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
略称FIM.E.W. Müllerが1951年に創案したものである.図のような試料金属針を約0.13 Pa の結像気体(He,Ne,Ar,H2 またはこれらの混合気体)中におき,正の高電界をかける.試料針は液体水素(約20 K)や窒素(約78 K)で冷却する.試料先端をつくっている原子面の縁の突出原子上で結像気体原子(分子)は電界イオン化され,スクリーンに向かってその正イオンは飛び,突出原子に対応した光点の像をつくる.イオン像の倍率は 106 以上に達し,分解能は約0.2 nm であり,ほとんどの金属の表面原子配列のありさまを1個1個の原子を分離して観測できる.とくに1個の原子空孔が観測できるのは,このFIMの大きな特徴である.FIMでは電界脱離や電界蒸発により試料金属表面を清浄化するだけではなく,目的としている現象の試料内部への分布をも観察できる.FIMは表面物理・化学の研究に役立つのはもちろん,金属学への応用も大きな分野となっている.また,将来は生物学の医学への応用も期待されている.次に示した図はFIM本体の構造と,Ptの(111)中心のHeイオン像である. 1967年,Müllerおよび協力者によって,FIMに飛行時間型質量分析計をつけた原子ブローブ電界イオン顕微鏡(atom-probe field ion microscope)が完成された.この装置により,イオン像としてスクリーン上に観察されている任意の光点を選び,それに対応している試料表面上の原子(分子)を 10-9 s のパルスで電界蒸発させ,質量分析してその化学種を同定することができるようになった. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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