A Soviet film directed by Sergei Eisenstein. It is divided into Part 1 (1945) and Part 2 (1946). It was a government-sponsored film ordered at Stalin's strong request to boost national morale during World War II. It was based on the biographical novel about Ivan the Terrible by Alexei Konstanovich Tolstoy. Stalin was a great admirer of the novel, and wrote "My Master" on the back cover of the book, underlined various parts of the text, and wrote "Exactly" in red ink, projecting himself onto Ivan. It is generally believed that Ivan the Terrible in the film is Stalin himself. In Part 1, Ivan the Terrible wins over the people and defeats foreign enemies, and is not discouraged by the defection of the boyars and a plot to poison the queen, forming an imperial guard that only follows the orders of the emperor, demonstrating his wisdom and bravery. Part 1 satisfied Stalin and earned him the Stalin Prize. In the second part, he leads the SS and purges the nobles and religious forces one after another, and rules a reign of terror under the name of Tsar the Terrible, but he is tormented by the rightness of his actions and shows a weak and indecisive attitude. However, in the end, he takes advantage of a plot to assassinate Ivan by his aunt Efrosinia, who was the perpetrator of the poisoning of the queen and the representative of the opposition, and has the assassin mistakenly kill her innocent son Vladimir. This is a court intrigue drama that stands out for its gruesome and bizarre style. Part 2 incurred Stalin's displeasure as it portrayed Ivan as indecisive like Hamlet and the SS as a group of perverts, and was banned from public viewing. The whereabouts of the film for Part 2 were unknown, but it was miraculously discovered in 1958, 10 years after Eisenstein's death, and was shown for the first time. While it is regarded as the director's second masterpiece after Battleship Potemkin, it has also been criticized as a pro-Stalinism or reconciliatory work. [Yoh Tanaka] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セルゲイ・エイゼンシュテイン監督のソ連映画。第1部(1945)と第2部(1946)に分かれる。第二次世界大戦中、国民の士気高揚のためスターリンの強い希望で注文された国策映画。原作はアレクセイ・コンスタノヴィチ・トルストイのイワン雷帝の伝記小説。この小説にスターリンは心酔しており、本の裏表紙に「我が師」と記し、また、本文中のいたるところに傍線を引き、赤字で「そのとおり」と書き込むなどして、イワンに自己を投影していた。映画中のイワン雷帝はスターリンその人とみるのが一般的である。第1部では、イワン雷帝は民衆を味方につけて外敵を打ち破り、大貴族の離反や王妃毒殺という陰謀にもくじけず、皇帝の命令のみに従う親衛隊を結成し、賢知と雄々しさをみせつける。第1部はスターリンを満足させ「スターリン賞」を受賞。 第2部では、親衛隊を率いて大貴族と宗教勢力を次々と粛清し、雷帝を名のって恐怖政治を敷くも、おのれの行為の当否に懊悩(おうのう)し、決断力のない弱々しさをみせる。しかし、ついには、王妃毒殺の実行者で反対勢力の代表である伯母エフロシニアのイワン暗殺計画を逆手にとり、刺客に彼女の子の無垢(むく)のウラジーミルを間違い殺人させてしまう。陰惨かつ異様な様式が際だつ宮廷陰謀劇である。第2部はイワンをハムレットのように優柔不断に、また、親衛隊を変質者の集団のように描いたとして、スターリンの不興を買い、公開禁止となった。第2部はフィルムの行方がわからなかったが、エイゼンシュテイン没後10年経った1958年に奇跡的に発見され、初公開となった。『戦艦ポチョムキン』に次ぐ監督の第2の頂点として評価される一方、スターリニズムへの翼賛ないしは和解作、という批判も少なくない。 [田中 陽] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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