...This idea is a supernatural, transtemporal entity that transcends physis, which comes into being and disappears, and remains the same forever. In Plato's view, all beings are a combination of form (eidos) and matter (hyle), but what determines the "what" of an entity is the form, which shares in the idea and is, so to speak, its image. Therefore, the "what" of an entity (essence) is itself resistant to change, and it is the material part that comes into being and disappears. ... From [Materialism]…In general, it refers to a position that regards the fundamental principles or reality of the world as material, as opposed to idealism and idealism. The original word dates back to the Latin materia, which means "wood," "material," "matter," or "substance." However, materia itself comes from the Greek mētēr, which means "mother," and the Latin mater, and was used as a Latin translation of hylē, which means "matter" or "material" in contrast to "form" or "form" in Greek. The original word was established in the 17th century, and the word materialist was used by H. More, R. Boyle, and Leibniz. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hylē" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このイデアは生成消滅するフュシスを超越して,永遠に同一でありつづける超自然的超時間的存在者である。そして,プラトンの考えでは,すべての存在者は〈形相(エイドスeidos)〉と〈質料=素材(ヒュレhylē)〉の結合体なのであるが,その存在者の〈何であるか〉を規定するのは,イデアを分有し,いわばその模像である形相である。したがって,存在者の〈何であるか(本質)〉はそれ自体では変化をまぬがれており,生成消滅するのはその質料的部分だということになる。… 【唯物論】より…一般に,唯心論,観念論に対して世界の根本的原理ないし実在を物質とみなす立場をいう。原語は,〈木材〉〈素材〉〈質料〉〈物質〉の意味のラテン語materiaにさかのぼるが,materia自身,〈母〉を意味するギリシア語mētēr,ラテン語materに由来し,かつギリシア語で〈形相〉〈形式〉に対して〈質料〉〈素材〉の意味をもつhylēのラテン語訳として用いられた。原語は17世紀の成立で,materialistという言葉はH.モアやR.ボイルさらにライプニッツによって使用された。… ※「hylē」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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