...For the birds and animals they mainly dealt with, this was already vaguely known as a descriptive fact, and their concept was in a sense merely a formulation of this fact, but once formulated, it was rephrased as "two species that occupy the same ecological niche cannot coexist in the same habitat" (presumably due to interspecific competition), and became a major issue around 1940 (Gause's law). Later, George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903-91) proposed the concept of a multidimensional niche (1944, 1957), and since research today is based on this concept, researchers often refer to this concept when they talk about ecological niches. However, although this concept attempts to quantitatively express the concept of ecological niche, it is completely abstract and leaves the above confusion unsolved, so its validity is questionable. *Some of the terminology referenced in "Hutchinson, GE" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼らが主として扱った鳥や獣についてはこれは記載的事実として漠然とながらすでに知られていたことであり,彼らの概念はある意味ではこの事実を定式化したものであるにすぎなかったが,いったん定式化されると,それは〈同じ生態的地位を占める2種は同じ生息場所に共在できない〉(種間競合のためとされる)と言い換えられて,1940年ころから大きく問題にされるようになった(ガウゼの法則)。 その後,ハッチンソンGeorge Evelyn Hutchinson(1903‐91)が多次元ニッチmultidimensional nicheなる概念を提唱し(1944,1957),今日の研究はこの概念に基づいて行われているので,研究者が生態的地位というときにはこの概念を指すことが多い。しかしこの概念は,生態的地位の概念を定量的に表現しようとしたものであるが,まったく抽象的な扱いをしているうえに,上記の混乱をそのままにしているので,その有効性には疑問がある。… ※「Hutchinson,G.E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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