Sperm organ - Zoseiki

Japanese: 造精器 - ぞうせいき
Sperm organ - Zoseiki

This is the organ in which plants form male gametes (also called sperm or male reproductive cells), and the degree of development of this structure varies depending on the taxonomic group.

In algae and fungi, the antheridium is a simple sac-like structure, and all cells related to the antheridium develop into sperm. In charophytes, the antheridium is quite complex, with eight shield cells that develop on base cells that protrude from epidermal cells at the node (the branching point of the leaf) and then bond together to form a spherical antheridium. Stalk cells develop in the center of the inside of the shield cells, and eight spermatogonial filaments are attached to the tips of the stalk cells in a tuft, and two sperm are developed from each cell of the spermatogonial filament.

In mosses, they form on the receptacle of the male bract (in mosses) or thallus (in Marchantia) that is attached to the apical end of the stem of the gametophyte (the moss plant body); they are oval in shape and produce several hundred sperm.

In ferns, antheridia form on the prothallus (gametophyte). In most ferns, they form on the underside or margin of the prothallus and usually consist of three cells (base, ring and cap). In heterosporous ferns, they form in the shell of a microspore. In these ferns, the prothallus is extremely degenerate and consists of only one or a few cells.

[Yasuda Keisuke]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

植物が雄性配偶子(精子、雄性生殖細胞ともいう)を形成する器官のことで、分類群によって、その構造の発達にはさまざまの程度がある。

 藻類や菌類では簡単な嚢(のう)状であり、造精器に関係する全細胞が精子になる。車軸藻植物では、かなり複雑で、節(せつ)(葉の分岐点)の部分の表皮細胞から突起した台細胞上に生じた8個の楯(たて)細胞が接着して球形の造精器を形成する。楯細胞の内側中央部には柄細胞が生じ、その先端に8本の造精糸が房状につき、造精糸の各細胞からは2個ずつ精子が形成される。

 コケ植物では、配偶体(コケの植物体)の茎の頂端につく雄包葉(蘚(せん)類)や葉状体(ゼニゴケ)の雄器床上に形成され、楕円(だえん)形をなし、中に数百個の精子を生じる。

 シダ植物では前葉体(配偶体)上に造精器が形成される。多くのシダ類では、前葉体の下面または縁辺に形成され、通常、3個の細胞(底細胞、環細胞、蓋(がい)細胞)で構成される。また、異形胞子を生じるシダ植物では、小胞子の殻中に形成される。この場合、前葉体は極端に退化して、1個または数個の細胞であるにすぎない。

[安田啓祐]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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