Venustiano Carranza

Leader of the Mexican Revolution and President of Mexico (in office 1917-20). A major landowner in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila, he was a leading politician in the region during the Diaz dictatorship, but in 1910 he participated in the Mexican Revolution led by Madero. He was elected governor of Coahuila after the victory of the revolution in 1911, and when President Madero was killed in a counter-revolutionary coup by General Huerta in 1913, he took the lead of the revolution, calling himself "First Commander of the Revolution," and overthrew Huerta's counter-revolutionary government the following year in 1914. From 1914 to 1917, he suppressed the peasant army led by Zapata and Villa, and was officially elected president with the promulgation of the new constitution in 1917. However, he was essentially a conservative, and lost the support of the people by not implementing the reforms set out in the new constitution, and was assassinated in 1920 by his subordinate, General Obregon, in a rebellion that also involved the issue of succession.

[Takashi Noda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

メキシコ革命の指導者、メキシコ大統領（在任1917～20）。メキシコ北部コアウィラ州の大地主で、ディアス独裁期の同地方の有力な政治家であったが、1910年マデロの指導するメキシコ革命に参加した。11年革命の勝利とともにコアウィラ州知事に選ばれ、13年ウエルタ将軍の反革命クーデターによってマデロ大統領が殺されると、自ら「革命第一統領」と称して革命の指導権を握り、翌14年ウエルタ反革命政府を打倒した。14年から17年にかけてサパタとビリャの率いる農民軍を弾圧、17年新憲法発布とともに正式に大統領に選ばれた。しかし本質的には保守主義者で、新憲法に定められた諸改革を実行せず民衆の支持を失い、後継者問題も絡んで20年部下のオブレゴン将軍の反乱によって暗殺された。

［野田　隆］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例