Habit

Japanese: habit

...Heights vary.
[Body Type - Kretschmer's Body Type Classification]
Body types have been classified into three groups by E. Kretschmer: (1) Slender type: Slender body and light weight.

From [Customs]

…It is sometimes considered synonymous with social norms. It is distinct from a habit, which is an individual's custom. A habit is simply a unique pattern of behavior in one's life, whereas a custom is a characteristic way of behaving that is common to the majority of members of a group and is accepted and supported by everyone as a legitimate form of behavior, even if there is no rational basis for it.

From [Customs]

…Folkways is a term coined by the American sociologist WG Sumner, who argued for dividing customs into folkways and good or moral practices. According to him, the effort to satisfy the desire to survive leads to the selection of a certain way of acting after trial and error, which gives rise to a habit. When this becomes consistent within a group, it becomes a custom, and when beliefs about social welfare are added to this, good morals (mores) are born. …

From 【Clothing】

… The 18th century Rococo fashion, as exemplified by the salon culture of the time presided over by ladies, was characterized by graceful and delicate feminine tastes, and spread not only within the bounds of aristocratic society but also to the middle classes, who were beginning to gain economic power. For men's clothing, the name of the flared top, which had been changed from juste col to the "habit," was changed to "abi," and at first imitated a feminine silhouette, but over time the hem width narrowed, the length of the vest became shorter, and the shape of the culottes became more regular. The "habit redingote," with a large double-lapel collar derived from British riding clothes, also came to be worn, and this became the origin of the frock coat. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "habit" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…身長はさまざまである。
［体型――クレッチマーの体型分類］
　体型habitは，E.クレッチマーによって，次の3群に類型化されている。(1)細長型　体つきはきゃしゃで，体重は軽い。…

【慣習】より

…社会規範と同義とされることもある。個人の習わしとしての習慣habitとは区別される。習慣は，たんにその人独自の生活上のユニークな行動パターンであるにすぎないが，慣習は，大多数の集団成員に共通して見いだされる特徴的なふるまい方であって，合理的な根拠がない場合でも正当な行為型として皆に容認･支持される。…

【習俗】より

…folkwaysはアメリカの社会学者W.G.サムナーの造語で，彼は慣習customを習俗folkwaysと良俗あるいは道徳的慣行moresとに分けることを主張した。彼によれば，生存の欲求を充足させようとする努力は試行錯誤の末に一定の行動方式を選択するようになり，習慣habitが生じる。これが集団内で一致するようになると習俗となり，さらにこれに社会福祉に関する信念が加わって良俗(モーレス)が生じる。…

【服装】より

…　18世紀のロココ･モードは，貴婦人が主宰する当時のサロン文化に代表されるように，優美で繊細な女性的趣向を特色とし，貴族社会の枠内にとどまらず，経済力をつけはじめた市民階級にまで波及した。男子服では裾広がりの上衣はジュストコルから〈アビhabit〉と名を変え，初めは女性的シルエットをまねていたが，やがて裾幅は狭められ，ベストの丈も短くなり，キュロットの形も整ってくる。またイギリスの乗馬服に由来する大きな二重の折返し衿のついた〈アビ･ルダンゴトhabit redingote〉も着られ，フロックコートの起源になる。…

※「habit」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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