...This word, which has its origin in the Latin word documentum, meaning document or documentary, was used by the British documentary filmmaker John Grierson in the 1920s. If we think of documentary film broadly as a "recording of facts" by camera, then L. Lumiere's first film, La sortie des Usines (1895), was already its starting point, and the documentary nature of film itself can be said to be the physical foundation of documentary. From the documentary film…In Japan, the translation "record film" has also become common. The term "documentary" in film was first used by the British documentarian and theorist John Grierson (1898-1972) in his review of the film "Moana" (1926), a film by American documentarian Robert Flaherty that documented the daily life of the inhabitants of the island of Samoa, in the February 1926 issue of the New York Sun. The term originates from the French word documentaire, which had previously referred to "travel film (travelogue)." In a broad sense, it is a general term for non-fiction films that record facts, as opposed to narrative films, and includes newsreels, science films, films for school teaching materials, social education films, art films, special TV news programs, PR films, tourist films, etc. However, originally (based on Grierson's definition), true documentary is a method and work that follows Flaherty's aim to "investigate, record, and affirm human discovery and life," as well as Noriaki Tsuchimoto's (1928- ) Minamata series (1971-76) and Shinsuke Ogawa's (1935-92) Sanrizuka series (1968-73), who maintained the stance that "film is the work of living things" and "encounters with facts and humans," and who "coexisted" the camera with the subject, that is, a "creative dramatization of reality" that differs from "live action." *Some of the terminology that mentions "Grierson, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…文書,証書を意味するラテン語documentumを語源にもつこの言葉は,1920年代に,イギリスの記録映画作家グリアソンJohn Griersonによって用いられた。ドキュメンタリー・フィルムを広くカメラによる〈事実の記録〉と考えれば,L.リュミエールの最初の映画《工場の出口La sortie des Usines》(1895)が,すでにその起点であり,映画の記録性自体がドキュメンタリーの物理的基盤であるといえる。… 【ドキュメンタリー映画】より…日本では〈記録映画〉という訳語も一般化している。映画での〈ドキュメンタリー〉という呼称は,そもそもアメリカの記録映画作家ロバート・フラハティがサモア島の住民の日常生活を記録した映画《モアナ》(1926)について,イギリスの記録映画作家であり理論家であるジョン・グリアソンJohn Grierson(1898‐1972)が,1926年2月の《ニューヨーク・サン》紙上で論評したときに初めて使ったことばで,それまでは〈紀行映画travel film(travelogue)〉を指すことばだったフランス語のdocumentaireに由来している。広義には,劇映画に対して,〈事実〉を記録する〈ノンフィクション映画〉の総称で,ニュース映画,科学映画,学校教材用映画,社会教育映画,美術映画,テレビの特別報道番組,あるいはPR映画,観光映画なども含めてこの名で呼ばれるが,本来は(すなわちグリアソンの定義に基づけば),〈人間の発見と生活の調査,記録,そしてその肯定〉を目ざしたフラハティから,〈映画は生きものの仕事〉であり〈事実や人間との出会い〉であるという姿勢を貫いてカメラを対象のなかに〈同居〉させた《水俣》シリーズ(1971‐76)の土本典昭(つちもとのりあき)(1928‐ )や《三里塚》シリーズ(1968‐73)の小川紳介(1935‐92)らにつらなる方法と作品,すなわち〈実写〉とは異なる〈現実の創造的劇化〉が真の〈ドキュメンタリー〉である。… ※「Grierson,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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