... It is easy to predict that the linguistic situation in India today, which has arisen from the historical process described above, is quite complex. There is a North Indian folk song that goes, "Every four li (course) the water changes, and every eight li the language changes," and according to GA Grierson, who investigated the languages and dialects of India under British rule, there are 179 languages and 544 dialects in India, which may be said to support the complexity of the distribution of languages. However, the above folk song is an exaggeration that is often made when focusing on subtle and partial differences in expression even among people who speak the same language (dialect), and of the 179 languages listed by Grierson, 116 actually belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family, which accounts for only 0.85% of the speaker population. ... *Some of the terminology references "Grierson, GA" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 上述のような歴史の過程から生じた今日のインドの言語事情が,かなり複雑であろうことは十分に予測される。北インドの俚謡に,〈4里(コース)ごとに水が変わり,8里行けば言葉が変わる〉というのがあり,イギリス統治下のインドの言語・方言を調査したグリアソンG.A.Griersonによれば,インドには179の言語と544の方言があるとされるのは,言語分布の複雑さを裏づけるものといえなくはない。しかしながら,先の俚謡は,同じ言語(方言)を話す人々の間でも,表現の微妙かつ部分的な差異に着目したときにしばしばなされる誇張であり,グリアソンのあげる179の言語のうち実に116は話者人口の比率が0.85%にすぎないシナ・チベット語族に属している。… ※「Grierson,G.A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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