After briefly serving as a professor at the university (1882), he served as a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court (1882-99), its Chief Justice (1899-1902), and as a justice of the United States Supreme Court (1902-32). As a justice of the United States Supreme Court, he argued that the judiciary should respect the judgments of the legislature when it came to legislation on economic and social issues, and published many opinions opposing the majority's decision to declare many economic and social legislation unconstitutional for violating the due process clause from a natural law perspective, earning him the nickname "The Great Dissenter." On the other hand, he took the position that freedom of speech and the press could only be restricted when there was a "clear and present danger" of causing harm (of such a nature that the legislature could be said to have the power to prevent it). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Great Dissenter" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…同大学教授(1882)を短期間務めた後,マサチューセッツ州最高裁判所裁判官(1882‐99),同首席裁判官(1899‐1902),合衆国最高裁判所裁判官(1902‐32)。合衆国最高裁判所裁判官としては,経済問題・社会問題に関する立法については司法部は立法部の判断を尊重すべきであるとし,多数意見が自然法的な立場から経済立法・社会立法の多くをデュー・プロセス条項(デュー・プロセス・オブ・ロー)違反として違憲としたことに反対する意見を数多く発表して,〈偉大な少数意見者The Great Dissenter〉とよばれた。他方,言論・出版の自由については,(立法部がそれを防止する権限をもつといえるような性質の)害悪を生ぜしめる〈明白かつ現在の危険clear and present danger〉のあるときにのみ,その規制が許されるという立場を打ち出した。… ※「Great Dissenter」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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