The part of an airport that an airplane uses for its ground runway to accelerate, decelerate, and stop when taking off or landing. The surface is usually paved with concrete or asphalt to withstand the impact of landing and landing, but in some cases it is simply a surface that is compacted with a roller. Runways used for international airports are graded from A to I according to their length and width, and the surface is marked according to regulations with signs indicating the runway's direction, centerline, terminus, touchdown point, touchdown zone, and whether or not an ILS (instrument landing system) is installed. In addition, runways are built according to the most common wind direction in the area due to their size, but the crosswind limit for takeoff and landing is usually about 15 meters per second, so in places where the wind direction is unstable, a separate runway is required for crosswinds. It has recently become common to groove the road surface to improve drainage during rainfall and increase the friction coefficient of the road surface. In addition, the simplest runway, one that is used solely for aircraft taking off and landing and has no other facilities, is sometimes called an airstrip. [Kazuo Ochiai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
飛行機が離着陸するとき加速または減速・停止するための地上滑走に使用する飛行場の部分。表面は着陸接地時の衝撃に耐えうるよう通常はコンクリートまたはアスファルトで舗装されているが、まれには地表面をローラーで押し固めただけのものもある。国際空港に使用する滑走路に対しては、長さと幅によりAからIまでの等級がつけられるほか、表面には規定に基づいて滑走路の方位、中心線、末端、接地点、接地帯、ILS(計器着陸装置)の設置の有無などを示す標識がつけられている。また、滑走路はその規模の関係から、その地域に吹くもっとも頻度の高い風向きに沿って設置されるが、飛行機の離着陸に対する横風の限界は、普通毎秒15メートル程度なので、風向きが定まらない場所では、横風用の滑走路を別に設ける必要がある。降雨時の水はけをよくして路面の摩擦係数を高めるため、路面に溝切り(グルービング)を施すことも最近では常識となっている。なお、滑走路のうちもっとも簡単な、単に飛行機の離着にだけ使われ、ほかに設備のないものを、エアストリップair-stripとよぶこともある。 [落合一夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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