…Finally, the fourth approach is to classify divine beings into two types, higher gods and lower spirits, and to typify the mechanism of belief in God by focusing on the dynamic relationship between humans and these two types (M. Weber). In other words, the former is a type of God service (Gottes-dienst) in which humans kneel before God and worship him, while the latter is a type of Spirit coercion (Geistes-zwang) in which humans call upon the spirits and request their protection. This is a dichotomy between gods served by humans and spirits manipulated by humans. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Geistes-zwang" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…最後に第4として,神的存在を高次の神と低次の精霊の2種に分類し,その両者と人間とのダイナミックな関係に照準をあてて神信仰のメカニズムを類型化する試みが挙げられる(M.ウェーバー)。すなわち前者は,神の前に人間が拝跪して礼拝する〈神奉仕Gottes‐dienst〉の型であり,後者は人間が精霊に呼びかけてその加護を要求する〈精霊強制Geistes‐zwang〉の型である。人間によって奉仕される神と人間によって操作される精霊という二分法である。… ※「Geistes-zwang」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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