Yuan Yuan (English spelling)

Japanese: 苑囿 - えんゆう（英語表記）yuàn yòu

In ancient China, a natural garden was a vast area where birds and animals were allowed to roam freely. It was originally set up on the outskirts of the city and was used for the emperor's hunting tours. In modern times, it is used to refer to large-scale natural gardens and villas under the jurisdiction of the emperor, as distinguished from the private gardens of high-ranking officials and wealthy people in the Jiangnan region. Examples of this type of garden include the artificial landscape garden built by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in Xianyang, the Shanglin Garden and Taiye Pond of Emperor Wudi of the Former Han Dynasty, the Xiyuan Garden of Emperor Yang of Sui, Qujiang in Chang'an of the Tang Dynasty, Jinming Pond in Bianliang (Kaifeng, Henan Province) of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Taiye Pond in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

古代中国において広大な範囲に禽獣を放し飼いにした自然庭園で，本来は城郊に設けられ，皇帝の巡狩（じゆんしゆ）に使用された場所であった。近代ではむしろ江南地方の高官や富庶らの私邸庭園と区別して，ひろく皇帝の所轄になる大規模な自然庭園や離宮の類を総称する。この種の苑囿としては，秦始皇帝が咸陽に造営した離宮にすでに人工的な築山をもった造園の例があり，前漢武帝の上林苑や太液池，隋煬帝（ようだい）の西苑，唐の長安にあった曲江，北宋の汴梁（べんりよう）(河南省開封)にあった金明池，元の大都の太液池などが歴史上著名。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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