Pharmacist - yakuzaishi (English spelling) pharmacist

Japanese: 薬剤師 - やくざいし(英語表記)pharmacist
Pharmacist - yakuzaishi (English spelling) pharmacist

A pharmacist is someone who has certain qualifications, is engaged in the research and practice of pharmacy, prepares medicines according to doctor's prescriptions, and sells them to the general public. The details are regulated by the Pharmacists Act and the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. The current Pharmacists Act was promulgated as Law No. 146 on August 10, 1960, and came into effect on February 1 of the following year, and stipulates the duties of pharmacists, licenses, license conditions, pharmacist register, registration and issuance of licenses, license revocation, as well as notifications, examinations, duties, and penalties.

According to the Pharmacists Act, the general provisions state that "Pharmacists shall contribute to the improvement and promotion of public health by dispensing prescriptions, supplying medicines, and administering other pharmaceutical hygiene matters, thereby ensuring the healthy lives of the people." In order to qualify, that is, to become a pharmacist, one must have completed a regular course of pharmacy at a university (a pharmaceutical university or a comprehensive university's pharmacy department) under the School Education Act, graduated from a foreign pharmaceutical school, or received a foreign pharmacist license, and the Minister of Health, Labor, and Welfare recognizes that the academic ability and skills are equal to or higher than those of a Japanese pharmaceutical school graduate, pass the national pharmacist examination, and apply to the Minister of Health, Labor, and Welfare to obtain a pharmacist license. However, licenses cannot be granted to minors, adult wards, or persons under guardianship.

It also stipulates that persons who are not pharmacists may not dispense medicines for sale or dispensing, and that dispensing is the sole occupation of pharmacists, except for dispensing by physicians, dentists, and veterinarians themselves. Furthermore, pharmacists engaged in dispensing medicines must not refuse a request to dispense medicines unless there is a valid reason, and may not dispense medicines for sale or dispensing unless they have a prescription from a physician, dentist, or veterinarian, but on the other hand, if they have any doubts about the prescription, they are obligated to inquire with the issuing physician. In addition, there are regulations regarding the place of dispensing, the labeling of dispensed medicines, writing on prescriptions, storage of prescriptions, and dispensing records.

In addition to the aforementioned dispensing duties, duties that only pharmacists can perform include pharmacy managers, general pharmaceutical sales managers, pharmaceutical manufacturing and pharmaceutical import/sales managers, school pharmacists, insurance pharmacists, and national health insurance pharmacists, while qualifications that pharmacists can obtain include technical supervisor at a quasi-drug or cosmetics manufacturing (import/sales) facility, and supervisor for handling poisonous and hazardous substances. In addition, the job fields in which those with a pharmacist license work in the real world are (1) pharmaceutical sales (manufacturing, importing, sales), (2) pharmacy owners, (3) hospital and clinic workers, (4) private pharmacy workers, (5) health administration or health and hygiene workers, (6) university education and research workers, (7) poisonous and hazardous substance sales workers, (8) chemical industry workers, and (9) others.

[Fumiji Koho]

[Reference] | Separation of medical and pharmaceutical functions | Prescription |Dispensing| Pharmacy | Pharmacy | Pharmaceutical Affairs Law | Pharmacy | Pharmacopoeia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一定の資格をもって薬学の研究および実務に従事し、医師の処方箋(しょほうせん)によって医薬を調合するほか、一般人に医薬品を販売する者をいう。その内容については薬剤師法および薬事法によって規制されている。現行の薬剤師法は1960年(昭和35)8月10日法律第146号として公布、翌年2月1日から施行されたもので、薬剤師の任務、免許、免許の条件、薬剤師名簿、登録および免許証の交付、免許の取消しのほか、届出、試験、業務、罰則などが定められている。

 この薬剤師法によれば「薬剤師は、調剤、医薬品の供給その他薬事衛生をつかさどることによって、公衆衛生の向上及び増進に寄与し、もって国民の健康な生活を確保するものとする」と総則でその任務が記されている。また、その資格すなわち薬剤師になるためには、学校教育法に基づく大学(薬科大学または総合大学の薬学部薬学科)において薬学の正規の課程を修めて卒業したか、外国の薬学校を卒業した者または外国の薬剤師免許証を受けた者で、厚生労働大臣が学力・技能が日本の薬学校卒業者と同等以上と認定した者が、国が行う薬剤師試験に合格し、厚生労働大臣に申請して薬剤師免許証を得なければ、薬剤師として業務を行うことはできない。ただし、未成年者、成年被後見人または被保佐人には免許が与えられないことになっている。

 また、薬剤師でない者は販売または授与の目的で調剤してはならないとし、医師・歯科医師・獣医師自らの調剤を除き、薬剤師の専業が調剤にあることが定められている。さらに、調剤に従事する薬剤師は、調剤の求めがあった場合には正当な理由がなければこれを拒んではいけないとされており、医師・歯科医師・獣医師の処方箋によらなければ販売または授与の目的で調剤してはならないが、一方、処方箋に疑義のある場合には交付した医師に問合せをする義務がある。このほか、調剤の場所、調剤された薬剤の表示、処方箋への記入、あるいは処方箋の保存や調剤録などについても定められている。

 薬剤師でなければできない業務は前述の調剤業務のほか、薬局の管理者、医薬品の一般販売業の管理者、医薬品製造業および医薬品輸入販売業の管理者、学校薬剤師、保険薬剤師、国民健康保険薬剤師があり、薬剤師であれば取得できる資格には、医薬部外品または化粧品製造(輸入販売)所の責任技術者、毒物劇物取扱責任者などがある。また、薬剤師免許証をもつ者の実社会での活動の職域は、(1)医薬品営業(製造、輸入、販売)従事者、(2)薬局開設者、(3)病院診療所勤務者、(4)開業薬局勤務者、(5)衛生行政または保健衛生業務の従事者、(6)大学における教育・研究に従事する者、(7)毒物劇物営業従事者、(8)化学工業従事者、(9)その他、となっている。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 医薬分業 | 処方箋 | 調剤 | 薬学 | 薬事法 | 薬局 | 薬局方

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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