Luminous moss - Luminous moss

Japanese: ヒカリゴケ - ひかりごけ
Luminous moss - Luminous moss

This is a representative species of the moss family, the family consisting only of Lumbricate. It grows in cool regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and in Japan it is distributed from Hokkaido to the Chubu region of Honshu. The plant is 7-8 mm tall, and the leaves grow in two rows on the stem. The male and female reproductive organs are at the tip of the stem, and a roughly spherical sporophyte is produced. In the protonema that germinates from the spore, spherically swollen cells are arranged in a flat shape toward the tip. These cells act as lenses, reflecting the faint light that enters them and making the ground surface where the protonema grows glow. The light is pale green, which is due to the light entering the spherical cells being refracted, reflected deep inside the cells where the chloroplasts are concentrated, and then emerging from the cells again. In other words, the reason Lumbricate glows is due to the reflection of light, and the moss itself does not emit light.

Luminous moss grows in dimly lit places such as inside caves and holes at the base of large trees. It is highly valued for its unique way of reflecting light, and in Japan, its habitats in Iwamurada, Saku City, Nagano Prefecture, Yoshimi Town, Hiki County, Saitama Prefecture, and the Imperial Palace (Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo) have been designated as national natural monuments.

[Hiroshi Inoue]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

コケ植物ヒカリゴケ科の代表種で、この科はヒカリゴケのみから構成される。北半球の冷涼な地域に生育し、日本では北海道から本州中部地方にかけて分布する。植物体は高さ7~8ミリメートルで、葉は茎の上に左右2列になってつく。雌雄の生殖器官は茎の先端につき、ほぼ球形の胞子体ができる。胞子から発芽した原糸体では、球状に膨らんだ細胞が先端に向かって平面状に並ぶ。この細胞がレンズの役目をして、入射してくるわずかな光を反射し、原糸体が生えている地表面を光らせる。この光は薄い緑色であるが、これは球形の細胞に入った光が屈折し、葉緑体が集まっている細胞の奥のほうで反射し、ふたたび細胞から出てくることによる。つまり、ヒカリゴケが光るのは、光の反射によるもので、ヒカリゴケそれ自体が発光するわけではない。

 ヒカリゴケは、洞穴の中や大木の根元の穴の中などの薄暗い場所に生える。光を反射する現象が特殊であるところから珍重され、日本では長野県佐久(さく)市岩村田(いわむらだ)、埼玉県比企(ひき)郡吉見(よしみ)町、皇居(東京都千代田区)などの生育地は、国の天然記念物に指定されている。

[井上 浩]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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