Engishiki

Japanese: 延喜式 - えんぎしき
Engishiki

This is an ancient legal code that compiles the implementing rules for the Yoro Code. It has 50 volumes. It was compiled in 905 (Engi 5), compiled in 927 (Enjo 5), and put into effect in 967 (Kohō 4). Of the three Kyakushiki (Kōnin, Jōgan, and Engi), this is the only one that remains in almost complete form, and since the contents of the rules cover minute matters and even have the feel of an encyclopedia, it is indispensable for the study of ancient Japanese history. However, the contents of this book are largely inherited from the preceding Kōninshiki and its revised and expanded parts, the Jōganshiki, and in short, it is a comprehensive compilation of the implementing rules for individual codes that were established in the 8th and 9th centuries. Therefore, when using this book as a historical source, care must be taken to keep this in mind. The book is organized as follows: Volumes 1 to 10: Ceremonies related to the Jingikan (of which the Shinmeishiki is also called the Shinmeicho), Volumes 11 to 40: Ceremonies related to the Eight Ministries of the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), Volumes 41 to 49: Ceremonies related to other government offices, and Volume 50: Miscellaneous Ceremonies. The time when this code was compiled and put into effect was already the collapse of the Ritsuryo system, and its effectiveness as a source of law had significantly decreased. Therefore, the compilation of the Engishiki was more of a cultural project than a legislative project. After that, it was respected as an authority for official affairs and annual events, especially among the nobles, throughout the ancient and medieval periods, and in the early modern period, individual studies were conducted by scholars of Japanese classics, such as the Norito (prayer) ceremony, Shinmeishiki (Shinmeishiki), and Shoryoshiki (ceremonies for the tombs of the deceased). The best currently published version is included in the Shintei Zoho Kokushi Taikei.

[Toshiya Torao]

"Study of the Engishiki: Historical Materials and Commentary" by Miyagi Eisho (1955, 1957, Taishukan Shoten) " ▽ "The Engishiki" by Torao Toshiya (1964, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

養老律令(りつりょう)に対する施行細則を集大成した古代法典。50巻。905年(延喜5)編纂(へんさん)開始、927年(延長5)撰進(せんしん)、967年(康保4)施行。三代格式(きゃくしき)(弘仁(こうにん)、貞観(じょうがん)、延喜)のうちほとんど完全な形で残っているのは本書だけであり、しかも規定の内容が微細な事柄に及び、百科便覧的な趣(おもむき)すらあるだけに、日本古代史の研究に不可欠のものである。ただ本書の内容は、先行の『弘仁式』およびその改訂増補部分だけを集めた『貞観式』からそのまま受け継がれた部分が多く、要するに8、9世紀のそれぞれの時点で成立した単行の施行細則を網羅的に集成したものであるから、本書を史料として利用する場合には、そのことに十分注意する必要がある。本書の構成は、巻1~巻10=神祇官(じんぎかん)関係の式(そのうち神名式は神名帳ともよばれる)、巻11~巻40=太政官(だいじょうかん)八省関係の式、巻41~巻49=それ以外の官庁関係の式、巻50=雑式となっていて、各官庁ごとに整理されている。本法典が編纂、施行された時代は、すでに律令政治の崩壊期に入っており、その法源としての実効力はかなり減じていた。したがって『延喜式』の編纂は立法事業というより文化事業という色彩が濃い。その後、古代、中世を通じてとくに公家(くげ)の間で、主として公事(くじ)や年中行事の典拠として尊重され、近世では国学者によって祝詞(のりと)式、神名式、諸陵式などの個別研究が行われた。現行の刊本では『新訂増補 国史大系』所収のものがもっともよい。

[虎尾俊哉]

『宮城栄昌著『延喜式の研究 史料篇・論述篇』(1955、1957・大修館書店)』『虎尾俊哉著『延喜式』(1964・吉川弘文館)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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