Cloisonné

Japanese: cloisonnisme
Cloisonné

...The colors were divided into simple but solid shapes, creating a spirituality that could be described as religious, as seen in "Jacob and the Angel" (1888). This divisionalism (cloisonnisme), influenced by ukiyo-e prints, Epinal prints, stained glass, etc., made it possible to "synthesize form and color while focusing only on the main color," and the entire painting acquired a truly comprehensive decorativeness full of allusions (synthétisme). Thus, from 1888 to 1890, including his co-living with Van Gogh in Arles, which ended with the "Van Gogh Ear-Cutting Incident," he produced a series of symbolist masterpieces, such as "The Yellow Christ" (1889), "The Loss of Virginity" (1890), and "Be Women in Love" (wood engraving, 1889), and Gauguin is considered the leading figure in symbolist painting. ...

From [Symbolism]

…In 1891, the French art critic Georges Albert Aurier (1865-92) was the first to use the term "symbolism" to describe painting, and his basis for this claim was Gauguin. Gauguin attempted to practice symbolism through composition and color rather than subject matter, and together with Émile Bernard (1868-1941) and others, he founded cloisonnisme in Pont-Aven, Brittany (the Pont-Aven School). This is a technique in which objects on the painting are divided by lines and the spaces between them are painted flat. …

From the Ponthaven School

...Apart from Gauguin, the main artists include Émile Bernard (1868-1941), Charles Laval (1862-94), Sérusier, Jacob Meyer de Haan (1852-95), Armand Séguin (1869-1903), Jan Verkade (1868-1946), and Charles Filiger (1863-1928). Although their individual styles differed, the main characteristic of these artists was their aim to create introspective and musical paintings that harmonize religious and decorative elements through cloisonnisme (compartmentalism) - a composition based on flat, shaded colored surfaces - inspired by ukiyo-e woodblock prints, Epinal woodblock prints, and stained glass. This view of painting was passed on to Parisian painters such as Denis through Sérusier, and helped to promote the formation of the Nabis movement.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "cloisonnisme" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その色彩は,簡潔ではあるが重厚な形態に平坦に区分され,《ヤコブと天使の争い》(1888)にみられるような宗教的ともいえる精神性を生みだした。浮世絵版画,エピナル版画,ステンド・グラス等に影響されたこうした区分主義(クロアゾニスムcloisonnisme)により,〈主調色にのみ注目しつつ行われる,形と色彩の総合〉が可能となり,画面全体は暗示にとんだ,まさに総合的な装飾性を獲得する(総合主義またはサンテティスムsynthétisme)。こうして,88年から90年にかけて,〈ゴッホの耳切り事件〉に結末をみるアルルでのゴッホとの共同生活をはさみ,一連の象徴主義的な傑作,すなわち《黄色いキリスト》(1889),《処女喪失》(1890),《恋する女たちであれ》(木彫,1889)等が制作され,ゴーギャンは象徴主義絵画の第一人者と目される。…

【象徴主義】より

…91年,フランスの美術批評家オーリエGeorges Albert Aurier(1865‐92)は,初めて絵画に対して〈象徴主義〉という言葉を用いたが,その主張の根拠になったのはゴーギャンであった。ゴーギャンは主題よりも画面構成や色彩によって象徴主義を実践しようとし,ベルナールÉmile Bernard(1868‐1941)らとブルターニュのポンタベンでクロアゾニスムcloisonnismeを創始した(ポンタベン派)。これは,画面の事物を線で区切り,その中を平塗りする技法である。…

【ポンタベン派】より

…ゴーギャンを別にすれば,おもな画家として,ベルナールÉmile Bernard(1868‐1941),ラバルCharles Laval(1862‐94),セリュジエ,メイエル・デ・ハーンJacob Meyer de Haan(1852‐95),セガンArmand Séguin(1869‐1903),フェルカーデJan Verkade(1868‐1946),フィリジェCharles Filiger(1863‐1928)等があげられる。個々の画風の違いはあるものの,浮世絵版画,エピナル版画,ステンド・グラス等から想を得た〈クロアゾニスムcloisonnisme(区分主義)〉――隈取りのある平坦な色面を主体にした画面構成――により,宗教性と装飾性を調和させた内省的かつ音楽的な画面を目ざした点に大きな特徴がある。こうした絵画観はセリュジエを通じてドニをはじめとするパリの画家たちに受けつがれ,ナビ派の結成を促すことになった。…

※「cloisonnisme」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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