Dicotyledonous, polypetalous. Herbaceous, with alternate leaves, simple or compound, without stipules. Inflorescence is raceme or corymbe-shaped. Flowers are bisexual, with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cruciform shape, and six stamens, the four in the inner whorl being longer. There is one pistil, and the ovary is superior, with two carpels and two locules, and the ovules are borne on a lateral placenta. Fruit is a silique, with a septum and two locules. Seeds lack endosperm. The position of the root attached to the cotyledon can be dorsal or lateral, which distinguishes the genera. There are 375 genera and approximately 3,200 species distributed around the world, mostly in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, and 21 genera and approximately 60 species grow wild in Japan. Plants that have naturalized from Europe and North America include the genera Alyssum, Watercress, Bucconus, Oenothera, and Shepherd's Purse, while those cultivated for ornamental purposes include Alyssum, Alyssum, Alyssum fragrans, and Alyssum. Many members of the Brassica genus, such as rape, cabbage, and turnip, have been cultivated as useful plants since ancient times. [Junko Kobayashi November 13, 2020] It is also classified as Brassicaceae in the APG classification. [Editorial Department, November 13, 2020] [References] | | |©Yuichi Kadota "> Flowers and fruits of rapeseed and sea mustard plant [morphology... ©Yuichi Kadota "> Flowers and fruits of shepherd's purse and sea radish (morphology) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
双子葉植物、離弁花類。草本性で、葉は互生し、単葉または複葉で托葉(たくよう)はない。花序は総状または散房状。花は両性、萼片(がくへん)4枚、花弁4枚で十字形に並び、雄しべは6本で、内輪の4本は長い。雌しべは1本、子房は上位、2心皮、2室からなり、胚珠(はいしゅ)は側膜胎座(たいざ)につく。果実は角果、隔膜があり2室となる。種子に胚乳がない。幼根が子葉につく位置に背位と側位とがあり、属を見分ける区別点となる。世界に375属約3200種分布し、北半球の温帯に多く、日本には21属約60種が自生する。ヨーロッパ、北アメリカから帰化したものにマメグンバイナズナ属、オランダガラシ属、タマガラシ属、ミヤガラシ属、カラクサナズナ属などがあり、観賞用に栽培されるものにニワナズナ属(アリッサム)、アラセイトウ属、ニオイアラセイトウ属、マガリバナ属などがある。 アブラナ属には、アブラナ、キャベツ、カブなど古くから有用植物として栽培されているものが多い。 [小林純子 2020年11月13日] APG分類でもアブラナ科とされる。 [編集部 2020年11月13日] [参照項目] | | |©門田裕一"> アブラナ、ハマハタザオの花・果実〔形態… ©門田裕一"> ナズナ、ハマダイコンの花・果実〔形態〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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