clause

Japanese: clause

…For example, terms such as noun phrases (such as “a young lady”) and verb phrases are used. However, those whose internal structure is similar to that of a sentence have been called “clause”. However, essentially speaking, there are problems with using the existence of a word with the same function as a criterion for whether or not a phrase should be called a phrase, and with distinguishing between phrases and clauses based on differences in internal structure. …

From the text:

...For example, a sentence can be made up of one word, such as "Ouch!" or "Why?". This is called a one-word sentence. A sentence component that has sentence-like properties (especially one that contains a subject and predicate) is called a "clause" (note that a clause can also be called a sentence, and conversely, a sentence as a whole can also be called a clause). If the multiple clauses that make up a sentence are structurally equal, they are called "coordinate clauses," and if they are in a superior-subordinate relationship, they are called "main clauses (principal sentence)" and "subordinate clauses (subordinate clause)."...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "clause" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…たとえば，名詞句(“a young lady”といったもの)とか動詞句といった呼び方が用いられている。もっとも，内部構造が文に類似しているものは〈節clause〉と呼ばれてきた。しかし，本質的にいうと，それと同じ機能を有する単語があるかどうかを句と呼ぶべきか否かの規準にすることも，内部構造の違いによって句，節といった区別をすることも問題がある。…

【文】より

…たとえば〈痛い！〉〈Why？〉のように一語で文をなす場合もあるわけで，これを一語文という。　文を構成する成分で，それ自身も文のような性質をもつもの(特に，それ自身が主語･述語を含むもの)を〈節clause〉という(なお，節のことをも文ということがあり，逆に，文全体のことをも節ということがある)。一文を構成する複数の節が構造上対等な関係にあれば，それらを〈等位節〉といい，主従関係にあれば，それぞれを〈主節(主文)〉〈従属節(副文)〉という。…

※「clause」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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