Civil engineering

Japanese: civil engineering(英語表記)civilengineering
Civil engineering

…In the past, engineering only meant military engineering. However, since the 18th century, civil engineering (now meaning civil engineering) has developed, and since then, engineering has come to mean any technology that utilizes energy and resources to obtain benefits. This article provides a historical overview of the formation of modern engineering in the latter sense and the development of its education system. …

From [Civil Engineering]

In France, the School of Civil Engineering was established in 1747 to train military engineers and to study military technology, and the Ecole Polytechnique was established in 1794, and civil engineering education began in a systematic way. Civil engineering developed as a part of military technology, but its results were also incorporated into other fields closely related to industry and civil life, such as bridges, canals, flood control, and road paving. Around 1750, the term civil engineering came to be used in England to refer to the civil engineering that forms the foundation of civil life. Civil engineering is also the oldest academic field in the field, with the British Institution of Civil Engineers being established in 1818 as the world's first engineering society, with T. Telford as its first president.

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "civil engineering" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…工学は,古くは軍事技術military engineeringだけを意味した。しかし,18世紀以来,軍事以外の技術civil engineering(現在は土木工学の意味)が発展し,それ以来,工学とは,エネルギーや資源の利用を通じて便宜を得る技術一般を意味するようになった。本項では,後者の意味での近代工学の形成とその教育体制の整備に関して歴史的概観を示す。…

【土木技術】より

…フランスでは工兵士官養成や軍事技術の研究のために1747年土木工学校が,さらに,94年にはエコール・ポリテクニクが創立され,土木技術の組織的な教育が始まった。このように土木技術は軍事技術の一翼として発達してきたが,一方ではそれらとは異なる橋,運河,治水,道路舗装など,産業,市民生活と密着した分野へもその成果がとり込まれるようになり,1750年ころから,イギリスにおいてこれら市民生活の基盤を形成する土木技術に対してcivil engineering(土木工学)のことばが用いられるようになった。学会の歴史も工学分野としてはもっとも古く,1818年イギリスで世界最初の工学学会としてイギリス土木学会が設立されており,T.テルフォードが初代会長になっている。…

※「civil engineering」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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