… takutaku is a strong east or northeast wind that blows near Juneau in southeastern Alaska. chinookchinook is a dry westerly wind that blows down the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains. When this wind blows, the temperature rises sharply and the snow melts, so it is also called a snow eater. … From [Föhn]...This occurs because the air mass rising along the mountain cools at a moist adiabatic lapse rate (about 5°C/km) above the condensation height, and when it descends along the mountain after precipitation, the temperature rises at a dry adiabatic lapse rate (about 10°C/km) (see figure). This is particularly evident in the Swiss valleys north of the Alps and the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the United States (called Chinook), but in Japan, when a typhoon passes over the Sea of Japan, the Föhn phenomenon occurs along the coast of the Sea of Japan, and is one of the causes of large fires. When water turns into steam, it takes in latent heat from the surroundings, and conversely, when steam condenses, it releases latent heat to the surroundings, but if the mountain is low enough for the steam to condense, the Föhn phenomenon does not occur. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "chinook" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… タクtakuアラスカの南東部ジュノー付近で吹く東または北東の強風。 チヌークchinookロッキー山脈東麓に吹き降りる西風で,乾燥したフェーン風。この風が吹くと気温が急上昇し,雪が溶けるのでスノー・イーターsnow eaterともいわれる。… 【フェーン】より…これは山に沿って上昇する空気塊が凝結高度以上では湿潤断熱減率(約5℃/km)で降温し,降水を終えてから山に沿って降下するときには乾燥断熱減率(約10℃/km)で気温が上昇するために起こるものである(図参照)。アルプス北側のスイスの谷間とかアメリカのロッキー山脈の東側山麓(これはチヌークChinookと呼ばれている)などで顕著にみられるが,日本でも台風が日本海を通過するときなどに日本海沿岸でフェーン現象が起こり大火の一因となっている。水が水蒸気になるときは潜熱を周囲から取り,反対に水蒸気が凝結するときは潜熱を周囲に放出するが,水蒸気が凝結を起こすに足りないほど山が低い場合には,このフェーン現象は起こらないことになる。… ※「chinook」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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