Erfurt (English spelling)

Japanese: エルフルト（英語表記）Erfurt

The capital of the state of Thuringia in central Germany. It is located on the Gera River, about 100 km southwest of Leipzig. It was originally founded as a monastery in 724, and a bishopric was established in 742 by St. Boniface (→Winfried). In the 9th century, it became a military, administrative, and commercial center on the eastern border of the Frankish Kingdom, and was granted city rights by the Archbishop of Mainz around 1250. In 1392, one of the oldest universities in Europe, Erfurt University, was founded, and in the 15th century, it joined the Hanseatic League and developed as a commercial city. In 1664, it became part of the Electorate of Mainz, and in 1802 it was incorporated into Prussia. There are many historical buildings, such as St. Severus Cathedral (13th to 15th centuries), the cathedral (1154 to 1476), and the Augustinian monastery where Luther lived from 1505 to 1508. From 1952 to 1990, it was the capital of Erfurt County (formerly East Germany). Located at a key transportation point, it is a thriving commercial center, with the main industries being electrical equipment, shoes, and cloth manufacturing. The surrounding area has long been known for flower and vegetable cultivation, and seeds are also exported. Population: 203,830 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ドイツ中部，チューリンゲン州の州都。ライプチヒの西南西約 100kmのゲーラ川沿いに位置する。 724年に修道院がおかれたのが起源で，742年には聖ボニファチウス (→ウィンフリード ) により司教区が設けられた。9世紀にはフランク王国東辺の軍事，行政，商業の要地となり，1250年頃マインツ大司教により都市権を与えられた。 1392年ヨーロッパ最古の大学の一つエルフルト大学が創立され，15世紀にはハンザ同盟に加入して商業都市として発展。 1664年にマインツ選帝侯領となり，1802年プロシアに編入。聖セウェルス聖堂 (13～15世紀) ，大聖堂 (1154～1476) ，1505～08年にルターがいたアウグスチノ会修道院など歴史的建築物が多い。 1952～90年エルフルト県 (旧東ドイツ) の県都。交通の要地にあり，商業が盛んで，工業では電気機器，靴，布などの製造が中心。付近は古くから花卉，野菜の栽培で知られ，種子の輸出も行われる。人口 20万3830（2010）。

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