Carapace

Japanese: carapace

...A general term for the hard, plate-like structures that cover the outer surface of an animal's body like armor.
[Invertebrate shells]
In the order Decapoda (shrimp and crabs), Mysidia, Euphausiidae, and Stomatopoda (mantis shrimp), the head and thorax are covered with a single thick outer skin, which is called the carapace. It is also called the shell or cephalothorax, but the colloquial term carapace is easier to understand.

From 【Chest】

…
[Animal chest]
In insects, which have clearly defined exoskeletons and typical body regions, the area between the head and abdomen is called the thorax, and is where the legs and wings are attached and where the muscles are developed. In crustaceans, the thorax is the area following the head, and is generally a line of body segments with well-developed appendages as walking or swimming legs. In decapods, the thorax is united with the head to form the cephalothorax, which is covered by the carapace. It contains the stomach, digestive glands, gonads, and heart, and may also have well-developed gills.

From [Laterite]

…It is also called red clay. Depending on the degree of hardening, it is divided into carapace, which can be easily broken by hand, and cuirasse, which can only be broken with a pickaxe. It has been used as a building material in southern India since ancient times, and was first named by F. Buchanan (1807) after the Latin word later, which means brick. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "carapace" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…動物体の外表面を鎧のように覆う固い板状の構造物の総称。
［無脊椎動物の甲］
　節足動物門甲殻綱の十脚目(エビ，カニ類)，アミ目，オキアミ目，口脚目(シャコ類)などでは，頭部と胸部が1枚の厚い外皮で覆われているが，これをとくに甲あるいは甲皮carapaceと呼ぶ。甲殻または頭胸甲とも呼ぶが，口語では甲羅がわかりやすい。…

【胸】より

…
［動物の胸］
　無脊椎動物のうち外骨格に明りょうなくぎりができて典型的な体部域が区別できる昆虫類では，頭部と腹部の間の部域が胸部といわれ，脚や翅が付属し筋肉が発達している。甲殻類では，頭部に続き，一般に歩脚あるいは遊泳肢としてよく発達した付属肢をもつ体節が並んだ部域で，とくに十脚類では頭部と一体となって頭胸甲carapaceに覆われた頭胸部cephalothoraxを形成している。胃，消化腺，生殖巣，心臓があり，えらが発達していることもある。…

【ラテライト】より

…紅土（こうど）ともいう。硬化の程度により，手で容易にこわれる程度のカラパスcarapaceとつるはしでやっと砕ける程度のキュイラスcuirasseとに区別されている。インド南部で古代から建築材料に用いられてきたので，煉瓦を意味するラテン語のlaterにちなんでブカナンF.Buchananが最初に命名(1807)した。…

※「carapace」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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