Calvin

American biochemist. Son of Russian immigrants. After graduating from the Michigan College of Mines and Technology in 1931, he earned his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1935. At Minnesota, he studied the electron affinity of halogens, but from 1935 to 1937 he studied under M. Polanyi (1891-1976) at the University of Manchester in England, where he became interested in the catalytic action of coordination compounds, particularly metalloporphyrins. In 1937 he became a lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley, and in 1947 he became a professor at the same university. He turned his interest to theoretical research into the structure and behavior of organic compounds, and after World War II he used the isotope ^14C to elucidate the photosynthetic process (Calvin cycle) by which carbohydrates are produced from carbon dioxide. For this research, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

アメリカの生化学者．ロシアからの移民の子．1931年ミシガン鉱業技術カレッジ卒業後，1935年ミネソタ大学で化学でPh.D.を取得．ミネソタ大学ではハロゲン類の電子親和力を研究したが，1935～1937年イギリス・マンチェスター大学のM. Polanyi(1891～1976年)のもとで学び，配位化合物の触媒作用，とりわけ金属ポルフィリンに興味を抱いた．1937年カリフォルニア大学バークレー校講師，1947年同大学教授となる．有機化合物の構造や挙動の理論的研究に興味を転じ，第二次世界大戦後は同位元素 ¹⁴C を用い，二酸化炭素から炭水化物が生じる光合成の過程(カルビンサイクル)を明らかにした．同研究で，1961年ノーベル化学賞を受賞した．

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