…The term “civil revolution” generally refers to a revolution that dismantles feudal and absolutist society and state power, and realizes a civil society that is unique to modern times. Examples of this include the English Revolution (Puritan Revolution and Glorious Revolution), the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. However, the civil society realized by the civil revolution has, on the one hand, the aspect of civil society as a union of free and equal individuals, and on the other hand, the aspect of capitalist society or bourgeois society (bürgerliche Gesellschaft) ruled by the bourgeoisie. These two aspects come from the fact that the word “citizen” originally means an autonomous individual or citizen as a unit that constitutes society, and also means a wealthy person or capitalist derived from the townspeople of the city (bürger,bourgeois). From Civil Society:...In Japanese history and social science, this term is usually used as a translation of civil society, bürgerliche Gesellschaft (German), société civile, société bourgeoise (both French), etc. Along with "bourgeois class," "civil revolution," "civil law," and "civil liberties," it was devised to recognize and indicate the characteristics of modern European society, and is one of the concepts that became particularly influential after World War II. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "bürgerliche Gesellschaft" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…市民革命というのは,一般的には,封建的・絶対主義的な社会および国家権力を解体させて,近代に特有な市民社会を実現させるような革命をいい,具体的には,イギリス革命(ピューリタン革命および名誉革命),アメリカ独立革命,フランス革命などがそれに属するとされる。だが,市民革命によって実現される市民社会なるものは,一方で,自由・平等な個人の結合体としてのcivil societyの側面をもち,また他方で,ブルジョアジーの支配する資本主義社会ないしブルジョア社会bürgerliche Gesellschaftという側面をもっている。 この二つの側面はそもそも市民なるものが,社会を構成する単位としての自律的な個人ないし公民citizen,citoyenという意味と,都市の町人に由来する富裕な有産者ないし資本家Bürger,bourgeoisという意味とをもっていることによる。… 【市民社会】より…日本の歴史学や社会科学において,通常,civil society,bürgerliche Gesellschaft(ドイツ語),société civile,société bourgeoise(ともにフランス語)などの訳語として使われている用語。〈市民階級〉〈市民革命〉〈市民法〉〈市民的自由〉などとともに,近代のヨーロッパ社会の特質を認識し指示するために考案され,第2次大戦後,とくに有力になった概念の一つである。… ※「bürgerliche Gesellschaft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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