A resinous substance obtained by adding 30-40 parts sulfur to 100 parts raw natural rubber and heating for a long time. It is also called hard rubber. It was named ebonite because of its similar appearance to ebony. It has a beautiful luster and color (brown to black) depending on the compounding agent added during vulcanization, and is a solid similar to plastic with an elongation of about 3%. It becomes soft at about 80°C but has no fluidity, and has excellent acid resistance, alkali resistance, electrical insulation, and machinability. It was used as an electrical insulator and lining material from the late 19th century. It was mostly replaced by various plastics and rubbers with similar properties in the late 20th century. Its remaining uses include fountain pen barrels, bowling balls, and musical instruments. [Kazuyoshi Fukuda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
天然ゴムの生ゴム100に対して硫黄(いおう)30~40を加え、長時間加熱して得られる樹脂状物質。硬質ゴムともいう。外観がエボニーebony(黒檀(こくたん))に類似しているところから、エボナイトと命名された。加硫時に加える配合剤によって美しい光沢と色(褐色~黒色)を示し、伸びが3%程度のプラスチックに近い固体である。80℃程度で柔らかくなるが流動性はなく、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性、電気絶縁性、機械加工性が優れている。19世紀後半から電気絶縁体やライニング材などに使われていた。その大部分は20世紀後半に類似の性能をもつ各種プラスチック・ゴムに置き換わった。万年筆の軸、ボウリングのボール、楽器などの用途が残っている。 [福田和吉] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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