Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson

Japanese: ローリンソン - ろーりんそん(英語表記)Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson
Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson

British orientalist, diplomat, and politician. Born in Oxfordshire. Joined the East India Company at the age of 16, and served as a soldier and politician in India, Persia, and Turkey while studying Eastern languages ​​and history, with a particular interest in ancient Persian inscriptions. He twice risked his life to copy and study the trilingual rock inscriptions of the ancient Persian king Darius I at Bistun (Behistan), Iran, and first deciphered the ancient Persian cuneiform script almost correctly. He then studied Sumerian-Akkadian cuneiform script and the Babylonian language written in it, achieving considerable success (both around 1850). In 1857, a contest was held to decipher the script, and his decipherment was generally recognized. His work on the Bistun inscriptions was published in 1846, but his five-volume work "West Asian Cuneiform Inscriptions," published between 1861 and 1884, was a monumental work of work. From 1858 onwards he served as a member of Parliament, ambassador to Persia, and a senior official in the Imperial Indian Government.

[Yajima Fumio, August 21, 2018]

[References] | Cuneiform

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスのオリエント学者、外交官、政治家。オックスフォードシャーで生まれる。16歳で東インド会社に入り、インド、ペルシア、トルコで軍人、政治家として過ごしつつ東方諸語や歴史を学び、とりわけ古代ペルシア刻文に興味をもった。イランのビストゥン(ベヒスタン)にある古代ペルシア王ダリウス1世の3か国語岩壁刻文を二度にわたり危険を侵して写し取り、これを研究し、まず古代ペルシア楔形(くさびがた)文字をほぼ正しく解読した。ついでシュメール・アッカド楔形文字、およびこれで記されたバビロニア語を研究し、かなりの成果をあげた(ともに1850年前後)。1857年にはこの文字の解読コンテストが行われ、解読が一般に認められた。ビストゥン刻文研究は1846年に刊行されたが、1861~1884年に公にされた『西アジア楔形文字刻文』5巻は記念碑的労作となった。1858年以降、国会議員、駐ペルシア大使、インド帝国政府高官を歴任した。

[矢島文夫 2018年8月21日]

[参照項目] | 楔形文字

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