APEC is an abbreviation for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. It is also known as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Council. The Asia-Pacific region has deepened its interdependence through trade, investment, and technology transfer, and has continued to achieve high economic growth, but on the other hand, it faces problems such as excessive dependence on the American market and a weak foundation for economic development. APEC was established as a forum for mutual cooperation with the aim of resolving these problems and promoting sustainable economic development in the region. The initial participating countries were Japan, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea (Republic of Korea), and the six ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries at the time (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei), a total of 12 countries, and the first ministerial meeting was held in Canberra, Australia in 1989. China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong joined in 1991, and Mexico and Papua New Guinea joined at the Seattle Summit in November 1993, Chile joined in 1994, and Russia, Peru, and Vietnam joined in 1998. APEC's philosophy is to promote "open regionalism" in the Asia-Pacific region and sustain economic growth in each country while respecting diversity, and to achieve this goal, it is strengthening the multilateral free trade system. Based on this philosophy, cooperation projects are selected in each field, such as trade, investment, technology transfer, and human resource development. At the 1994 ministerial meeting, the Bogor Declaration was adopted, which aims to liberalize trade and investment in developed countries by 2010 and in developing countries by 2020. At the Osaka meeting in 1995, a set of action guidelines to put this into practice was adopted, and APEC's activities are now in full swing. The member countries and regions of APEC are called Member Economies. [Akira Shida] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アジア太平洋経済協力Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperationの略称。アジア太平洋経済協力会議ともいう。アジア太平洋地域は、貿易・投資・技術移転などを通じて相互依存を深め、高い経済成長を続けてきたが、他方では、アメリカ市場への過度の依存や、経済発展のための基盤が弱いといった問題を抱えている。このような問題を解決して地域の持続的な経済発展を図るという目的のもとに、相互の協力の場として発足したのがAPECである。 当初の参加国は、日本、アメリカ、カナダ、オーストラリア、ニュージーランド、韓国(大韓民国)、当時のASEAN(アセアン)(東南アジア諸国連合)6か国(タイ、インドネシア、マレーシア、フィリピン、シンガポール、ブルネイ)の計12か国、第1回の閣僚会議は、1989年オーストラリアのキャンベラで開催された。その後91年に、中国、台湾、香港(ホンコン)が参加、さらに93年11月のシアトル首脳会議でメキシコとパプア・ニューギニアが加盟、94年にチリが加盟、98年にロシア、ペルー、ベトナムが加盟した。 APECの理念は、アジア太平洋地域において「開かれた地域協力open regionalism」を推進し、多様性に配慮しながら、各国の経済成長を持続させることであり、その実現を目ざして多角的な自由貿易体制を強化していくこととされている。この理念のもとに、貿易、投資、技術移転、人材開発など分野別の協力プロジェクトが選定されている。94年の閣僚会議では、先進国については2010年までに、途上国については2020年までに貿易・投資の自由化を目ざすというボゴール宣言が採択され、95年の大阪会議では、それを具体化する行動指針が採択されるなど、その活動は本格化している。なお、APECでは加盟した国や地域をメンバー・エコノミーMember Economiesと称する。 [志田 明] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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