Roman Peace - Pax Romana (Latin)

Japanese: ローマの平和 - ろーまのへいわ(英語表記)Pax Romana ラテン語
Roman Peace - Pax Romana (Latin)

The period and state of peace maintained under the rule of ancient Rome, which became the ruler of the Mediterranean world. It is also called Pax Romana. In terms of time period, it refers broadly to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD after Augustus' subjugation of the world, and more narrowly to the era of the Five Good Emperors. Foreign wars did not necessarily cease, but commerce and trade flourished, a homogenous culture spread throughout the territories under its control, and both the inhabitants of the capital, Rome, and the people of the provinces enjoyed peace. It is said that "freedom" and "peace" were guaranteed in the areas under the "rule" (imperium) of Rome, but this is a view taken from the perspective of the ruler Rome, and in reality, peace was merely based on the subjugation and exploitation of the ruled areas and the ruled people, and economic and social contradictions and conflicts between regions and classes never disappeared, and peace never lasted. The worship of the goddess Pax was started by Augustus in 10 BC, and the dedication of the "Altar of Augustus' Peace" took place in 9 BC. Today, the name Pax Britannica is used in analogy with Pax Romana.

[Hasegawa Hirotaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地中海世界の覇者となった古代ローマの支配下に保たれた平和の時代およびその状態。パックス・ロマーナともいう。時代的には、広くアウグストゥスの天下平定以降、紀元後1~2世紀をさし、狭くは五賢帝の時代をさす。対外戦争がかならずしも行われなくなったわけではないが、商業、貿易は栄え、均質の文化が支配領域にも広がり、首都ローマの住民も、属州民も太平を謳歌(おうか)できた。ローマの「支配」(インペリウムimperium)の下にある地域に、「自由」と「平和」が保障されたといわれるが、それはあくまでも支配者ローマの立場にたったとらえ方で、現実には被支配地域、被支配者の制圧、搾取のうえに成り立つ平和にすぎず、地域、階層に関しての経済的、社会的な矛盾、対立は消えることなく、平和もけっして永続しなかった。なお、女神パックスの崇拝はアウグストゥスによって紀元前10年に行われ、「アウグストゥスの平和の祭壇」の奉献は前9年に行われている。現在、パックス・ロマーナになぞらえて、パックス・ブリタニカなどと使われる。

[長谷川博隆]

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