Békésy, G.von (English spelling)

Japanese: Békésy,G.von(英語表記)BekesyGvon
Békésy, G.von (English spelling)

...The former considered each hair cell to be a resonator, while the latter said that the cochlea worked like a telephone and that sound analysis was carried out in the brain, but both were merely hypotheses and not experimental results. In 1941, Georg von Békésy (1899-1972) cut the skull, including the inner ear, from a human corpse and succeeded in observing the movement of the basilar membrane during sound stimulation by slowing it down using a strobe method, which uses a strong light that flashes at a slightly different frequency from the stimulation sound. He found that the width of the basilar membrane increases toward the tip of the cochlea, and that the elasticity of each part of the membrane is different, and that the lower the frequency of the stimulation sound, the more the traveling wave on the membrane reaches the tip, and when it is high, it remains at the base. ...

From the ears

…The location of the maximum amplitude of this traveling wave is determined by the sound; high sounds occur at the basal turn and low sounds occur at the upper turn, which is due to the physical properties of the basilar membrane. This mechanism was proposed by Georg von Békésy (1899-1972) as the traveling wave theory, and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1961 for this work. However, it was later discovered that the basilar membrane has an extremely sharp frequency analysis. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Békésy, G.von" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…前者は有毛細胞をそれぞれ共鳴器と考えたのに対し,後者は蝸牛は電話器のように働き,音の分析は脳内で行われるというのであったが,ともに実験結果ではなく単なる仮説にすぎなかった。1941年にベケシーGeorg von Békésy(1899‐1972)はヒトの死体から内耳を含む頭蓋骨を切り取り,刺激音とわずかに異なる回数で明滅する強い光を用いるストロボ方式によって,音刺激の際の基底膜の運動を緩やかにして観測することに成功した。基底膜の幅は蝸牛先端に向かうにしたがって広くなり,膜の各部の弾性が異なっており,刺激音の周波数が低いほど,膜の上で進行波は先端に到達し,高いときは基底部にとどまることを見た。…

【耳】より

…この進行波の最大振幅を起こす部位は音によって定まっており,高い音は基底回転で,低い音は上方の回転に生じるが,これらは基底膜の物理的性質による。このメカニズムは,ベケシーGeorg von Békésy(1899‐1972)によって進行波説として唱えられ,彼はこの業績によって1961年にノーベル医学・生理学賞を受賞した。しかし,その後基底膜は,ひじょうに鋭い周波数分析を行っていることが判明した。…

※「Békésy,G.von」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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