cubit

Japanese: cubit
cubit

…Here we can see a typical example of the idea of ​​(a). This was passed down through the Latin name cubitum (meaning elbow) to the system of modern European degrees (British cubit, about 46 cm), and gave rise to units twice that (British ell, German Elle, etc.), and units twice that (which can also be interpreted as the distance between the tips of two outstretched hands, as seen in Chinese and Japanese fathom, British fathom, German Klafter, and French brasse). However, it seems that there have been some confusions over the years, and Italian braccio and Dutch el have been interpreted as either the actual length of the arm or two or four times that length, causing confusion. …

From [Elbow]

…The tip of the ulna, which forms the tip of the bent elbow, is called the olecranon in anatomy. It is a direct translation of the Latin olecranon, which is made up of the Greek ōlenē and kranion (head), and is a name similar to elbow. Another Latin word for elbow, cubitum, is related to English cubit, French cubitus, and Italian cubito, but it also originally referred to the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger in ancient Egyptian and Hebrew, and was also a measure of length. It appears in the Bible as a cubit, and there are known terms such as the ordinary cubit (45 cm) and the sacred cubit (52 cm). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "cubit" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ここに(イ)の考えの代表的な例が見られる。そしてこれがラテン名クビトゥムcubitum(ひじの意)を経て近代ヨーロッパの〈度〉の一系統に引きつがれ(イギリスのキュービットcubit,約46cm),また,その2倍に相当する単位(イギリスのエルell,ドイツのエルレElleなど),そのまた2倍に相当する単位(これは,左右に広げた両手の先の間隔に相当するものとも解され,その例は,中国・日本の尋,イギリスのファゾムfathom,ドイツのクラフテルKlafter,フランスのブラッスbrasseなどに見られる)をもたらした。ただし長年月の間には取違えも生じた模様で,イタリアのブラッチオbraccio,オランダのエルelなどは,本来の腕の長さとも,その2倍または4倍とも解されて,混乱をひきおこした。…

【肘】より

…曲がった肘の突端をなす尺骨先端を肘頭と解剖学で言うのはギリシア語ōlenēとkranion(頭)とから成るラテン語olecranonの直訳で,肘(ひじしり)と似た名称である。肘をあらわすもう一つのラテン語cubitumは英語cubit,フランス語cubitus,イタリア語cubitoに連なるが,これも元来古代エジプト語やヘブライ語で肘から中指の先端までを指し,併せてその長さを表す尺度だった。聖書にはキュビトとしてみえ,〈普通のキュビト〉(45cm)と〈神聖キュビト〉(52cm)などが知られている。…

※「cubit」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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