It refers to a legal act of multiple parties aimed at the establishment of a corporation. Legal acts are classified into contracts, individual acts, and joint acts. A joint act is similar to a contract in that it is made up of the intentions of multiple parties, but in a contract, the interests of one party and the other party are in conflict, as in a sales contract. In contrast, in a joint act, the intentions of multiple parties are directed to the same purpose of establishing a corporation. In 1892, German scholar Kuntze proposed the distinction between contracts and joint acts, which became the prevailing view in Japan, and it is said that provisions regarding legal acts (such as Article 95 of the Civil Code on mistake, Article 96 on fraud and duress, and Article 108 on dual agency) do not necessarily apply in full. However, there are also critical theories that argue that it should not be distinguished from a contract. [Ken Kawai] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
社団法人の設立などに向けられた複数の当事者の法律行為をいう。法律行為は、契約、単独行為、合同行為に分類される。合同行為は、複数の当事者の意思表示から成り立つ点では契約と同様であるが、契約においては、売買契約にみられるように当事者の一方と他方の利益が相反する。これと異なり、合同行為においては、法人の設立という同じ目的のために複数の当事者の意思表示が向けられる。1892年にドイツの学者クンツェKuntzeが、契約と合同行為との区別を提唱し、日本でもそれが通説となり、法律行為に関する規定(錯誤に関する民法95条、詐欺・強迫に関する民法96条、双方代理に関する民法108条など)はかならずしも全面的に適用されないとされる。しかしこれを契約と区別すべきでないとの批判説もある。 [川井 健] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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