A plane curve. When a circle rolls on a straight line without slipping, it is the curve described by a fixed point on the circle. Using parameters, Suppose there are two points A and B in space. When a mass acting only on gravity moves from A to B, the time required is shortest not when it moves along the straight line connecting A and B, but when it moves along the curve connecting A and B with a cycloid. For this reason, the cycloid is also called the brachystochrone line. When another circle C rolls around the outside of circle O without slipping, the locus of a fixed point on this circle C is called an epicycloid. When the moving circle C rolls around while being inscribed in circle O, the locus of a fixed point on this circle C is called a hypocycloid. When the ratio of the radius a of circle O to the radius b of circle C is a simple integer ratio, a beautiful curve is created. When a/b = 1 for an epicycloid, it becomes a cardioid, when a/b = 2 for a hypocycloid, it becomes a line segment, when a/b = 3, it becomes a curve with three cusps, and when a/b = 4, it becomes an asteroid. [Osamu Takenouchi] [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Cycloid (locus of fixed points on a circle) ©Shogakukan "> Cycloid (trochoid) ©Shogakukan "> Cycloid (epicycloid) ©Shogakukan "> Cycloid (asteroid) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
平面曲線の一つ。直線上を円が滑ることなく転がるとき、円上に固定された点の描く曲線であって、媒介変数を用いて、 空間内に2点A、Bがあるとする。重力だけの作用を受ける質点がAからBまで動くとき、所用時間が最小になるのは、AとBを結ぶ直線に沿って動く場合ではなく、AとBをサイクロイドで結ぶ曲線に沿って動く場合である。このため、サイクロイドは最速降下線ともよばれる。 円Oの外側を、他の円Cがこれに接しながら、滑ることなく転がるとき、この円C上に固定された1点の軌跡を、エピサイクロイドepicycloidという。動円Cが、円Oに内接しながら転がるときの動円C上の固定された点の軌跡を、ハイポサイクロイドhypocycloidという。円Oの半径aと円Cの半径bの比が、簡単な整数比の場合に、きれいな曲線ができる。エピサイクロイドでa/b=1のときカージオイド(心臓形)、ハイポサイクロイドでa/b=2のとき線分、a/b=3のとき尖点(せんてん)三つの曲線、a/b=4のときアステロイド(星芒形(せいぼうけい))となる。 [竹之内脩] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> サイクロイド(円上に固定された点の軌跡… ©Shogakukan"> サイクロイド(トロコイド) ©Shogakukan"> サイクロイド(エピサイクロイド) ©Shogakukan"> サイクロイド(アステロイド) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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