Light - Light

Japanese: 軽 - かるい

〘Adj.〙 karu-shi 〘Adj.〙 Expresses a state of being light in weight, and by extension is used widely to express a state in which the degree of something is not so great in terms of status, character, actions, feelings, etc. Light. ⇔Heavy. ① Small in weight. Not heavy. ※Rinjishu (1104-10) "Karushi" ※Ukiyo-zoshi, Seken Munesanyo (1692) 5 "There is no need to bet on gold coins. If you take a light one, just pass it on as it is." ② Not of a great extent. Not serious. A little. ※Jizo Jyurin-kyo Gangyo 7th Year (883) 4 "The breaking of the precepts of a Dala man is lighter than the serious crime of the law." ※Humorous Book Ukiyo-furo (1809-13) 3 "It seems that he was playing with smallpox . Even he seems to be in a very light -hearted mood." ③ Frivolous. Also, thoughtless. ※Tales of Ise (before the 10th century) 21 "When one leaves and leaves, one cannot say that one feels light-hearted, for one does not know the state of the world." ④ Light-hearted. Also, in a cheerful mood. ※Sarugaku Dangi (1430), The Heart of Music: "Start singing this once, and sing lightly." ※Haikai, Edo Hirokoji (1678), "Looking at the bottom, the light costume, I wonder where they're going to return from (Basho)." ⑤ It is light-hearted. It is simple. It is not exaggerated. ※Joruri, Shinju Yoi Koushin (1722), Part 1: "Unlike his predecessor, the current lord has a light demeanor in everything." ※Gyonin (1912-13), (Natsume Soseki), Friend: "My crazy stomach can never accept any liquid, no matter how light it is." ※Air Man's Story (1974), (Kanai Mieko), "He can easily finish off three dozen eggs, (omitted), and four buckets of milk tea." ⑥ It is of low social status. It also has little wealth. ※Ukiyo-zoshi, Nihon Eitaigura (1688) 1 “Looking at the customs of the world, it is rare for a person who is good-natured to appear easy on the surface.” ※Grandpa and Grandma (1915)〈Mori Ogai〉 “I became a light servant in the inner sanctum of Owari Chunagon Munekatsu.”[Etymology](1) “Karushi” is a vowel-alternate form of “Karoshi.” It is said that “Karushi” is older, but there is also a theory that it is the other way around.
(2) There are no definite examples of it being used as an adjective in the ancient period, but the root of the word is used to refer to the place name "Karushi." In the Heian and Kamakura periods, "Karushi" was more commonly used, and "Karushi" was used less often.
(3) Since the Middle Ages, it has been used in conjunction with "karoshi(i)", but "karui" is more common in Kyogen and excerpts, and even in Christian documents, "karui" is often used in works with a more colloquial style, while "karoi" is often used in works with a more literary style. However, in copies of "Kōyō Gunkan", which is said to contain many colloquial forms, "karoi" is more prevalent, so it is difficult to say that "karui" is the colloquial form. The "Nippo Jisho" (Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary) also contains both forms.
(4) Even in the early modern period, both forms can be found in the works of Chikamatsu and Saikaku, but since the modern era , "light " has become more prevalent.

Lightweight

〘Adj.〙 karo-shi 〘Adj.〙 = karui (light)① Light in weight. Not heavy. ※Genji (c. 1001-14), Otome: "The autumn leaves falling in the wind are light, and the spring colors are best seen on the Ihane pine." ※Ordinary Elementary School Reader (1887), Ministry of Education, 3: "To make the burden lighter."② Not of great concern. Not of great importance. ※Genji (c. 1001-14), Tokonatsu: "I am still a lowly woman. I thought the world was easy to listen to." ※Tsurezuregusa (c. 1331), 60: "I am a cunning person who thought the world was light."③ Not of great weight. Frivolous. Also, thoughtless. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999), Festival Envoy: "For you, I am a light-hearted person who is brought to tears."④ Light and nimble. Being quick. *Haiku, Haikai Ichiyoshu (1827) "A mountain breeze blows in the shade of a small brushwood, and a white cloud blows lightly, and a hand towel for the wash basin (Nishuru)" *Tori-kage (1908) (Ishikawa Takuboku ), 4 "The sound of wooden clogs being taken off was heard, and light footsteps entered the next room." ⑤ Being plain and simple. *Ukiyo-zoshi, Saikaku's Oki-soushi (1693), 1 "The world is a light-hearted life , and no progress is made." ⑥ Being of low social status. *Genji (around 1001-14), Kiritsubo "Of course, he appeared to be light-hearted." [Etymology] → Etymology of "light (light)". Karo-ge (adjective-verb) Karo-sa (noun) Karo-mi (noun)

Karu-mu [light]

[1] (1) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (1 ) (1) (2 ... ※Genji (around 1001-14) Wakana no Shita "Please don't listen to the people who have passed away in the same way and make them feel bad."

Caro-mu [light]

[1] (1) (1001-14): To become lighter. To lighten. ※Genji (c. 1001-14): Tamakazura: “In any case, the very act of allowing me to help you should be forgiven for your sin.” [2] (1001-14): Ma 2: ① To make light of the weight or degree of something. To lighten. ※Genji (c. 1001-14): Kasugano: “Please forgive me for my sin.” ② To look down on something. To make fun of something. To despise something. To scorn something. ※Genji (c. 1001-14): Gyoko: “He welcomed me with open arms and mocked me . ” [3] (1001-14): The same as (2)②. ※Susiddhikarna-sutra Brief Commentary, Tenryaku 5th Year (951) “Do not cherish those things that are looked down upon or despised .”

Karu (light)

〘Noun〙① When the amount of grain in a bag or bale is less than the exact weight. In shipping industry parlance, a large reduction in weight is called dai-karu, and a small reduction in weight is called ko-karu. ② A word referring to a high-pitched tone in the four-tone theory of accents in Chinese and Japanese. It is called "hira no karu" or "iri no karu," etc. ※Warambegusa (1660), vol. 2 " ＼・yo: upper tone light〈abbreviated〉＼ +‥: inner tone light" ③ An abbreviation of "karugamo (light duck)." ※Haikai・Hakukizadan (1713), May "Kurodamago" Senkaku Manyoshu says, "Kurodama, also known as karu, is a type of duck."

Caro-bu [light]

〘Self-Version 2〙① Having an appearance of being light and nimble. Said to be light and airy. ※Makura (end of 10th century) 35 "In such a light and airy environment, it would be difficult to handle."② To behave thoughtlessly. Frivolous and weightless. ※Genji (c. 1001-14) Hazuki "Will such petty acts be passed down to the descendants of the next generation and cause our name to be swept away?"③ To be of low status. Of low status. ※Genji (c. 1001-14) Takekawa "Although I am a very light and airy attendant, I doubt anyone would forgive me."

Calon-Zuru [Light]

〘Other verbs〙 Karon/zu 〘Other verbs〙① To lighten the degree. ※Heike (early 13th century) Volume 2 "You should belittle the suspected punishment." ② To look down on. To make fun of. To despise. ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) Volume 27 "We live in an age where we no longer look down on our master and fear even the gods and Buddhas." ③ I don't think it's a pity. I don't think it's something precious. ※Heike (early 13th century) Volume 7 "Even though you say you value your life, think of righteousness, and strive to achieve success in battle."

Karu (light)

It refers to the area around the southern foot of Mount Unebi, near Oikaru in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture. It is said to be where the three emperors Itoku , Kōgen, and Ojin established their capitals. *The Kojiki (712) states, "Oyamatohikosukitomo-no-mikoto reigned at Sakaioka Palace in Karu and ruled the land."

Karubiru [light]

〘Self-expression 2〙 Not much volume, light and airy. One theory is that it means dried up and losing its luster. ※Eika (around 1028-92) Tsubomihana "When the hair gets messed up by the fabric, it means that the hair is light and thin."

Calorie [Light]

〘 noun 〙 (the noun derived from the conjunctive form of the verb "karobu (light)"), something light on one's feet . ※Makura (10th C. end) 43 "Ants are very unpleasant to eat, but they are also incredibly light, and it is amusing to see them simply walking on the water."

Karu-bu [light]

〘Self-expression 2〙 To behave frivolously. To have no weight. To be careless. ※Genji (around 1001-14) Sokagu: "You have been particularly careful with your actions, and I think that people may hear that you are being frivolous. I find it very disappointing."

Karun-zu [lightweight]

〘Other verbs〙 = Karonzuru (light) ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) verse 16 "There is a way to make death light . "

Calorie-jiru [light]

〘Other Za-joichi〙 A word formed by elevating the sa-variant verb 'karonzuru (light)'.

Lightweight

〘Shape〙 ⇒Lightweight

Karo-shi [light]

〘Shape〙 ⇒Light (light)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘形口〙かる・し〘形ク〙重量の少ない状態を表わし、転じて、身分、性質、動作、気持などについて、その程度がそれ程でない状態を表わす場合に広く用いる。かろい。⇔重い。① 目方が少ない。重くない。※韻字集（1104‐10）「輶カルシ」※浮世草子・世間胸算用（1692）五「小判をりんだめにてかける事なし。かるきをとれば、又其ままにさきへわたし」② たいした程度でない。重大でない。ちょっとした。※地蔵十輪経元慶七年点（883）四「荼羅の人の、破戒の趣法の重罪に親近せむよりも軽(カル)し」※滑稽本・浮世風呂（1809‐13）三「痘瘡(おやく)を遊ばしたさうでございますネ。夫でも至極お軽(カル)い御様子で」③ 軽薄である。また、軽率である。※伊勢物語（１０Ｃ前）二一「出でて去なば心かるしといひやせん世のありさまを人は知らねば」④ 軽快である。また、気持がはればれしている。※申楽談儀（1430）音曲の心根「此一うたひかかりて、かるく謡ふべし」※俳諧・江戸広小路（1678）「もすそを見ればかるい装束中返り帰る所をしらんとて〈芭蕉〉」⑤ 淡泊である。あっさりしている。大げさでない。※浄瑠璃・心中宵庚申（1722）上「ただ今の殿様先代とちがひ、なにかに付けて軽いお身持」※行人（1912‐13）〈夏目漱石〉友達「どんな軽(カル)い液体でも狂った胃が決して受付ない」※空気男のはなし（1974）〈金井美恵子〉「卵三ダース、〈略〉、ミルクティーバケツ四杯、を軽くたいらげるという」⑥ 身分が低い。また、財産が少ない。※浮世草子・日本永代蔵（1688）一「世の風儀をみるに、手前よき人、表むきかるう見せるは稀なり」※ぢいさんばあさん（1915）〈森鴎外〉「尾張中納言宗勝の奥の軽(カル)い召使になった」[語誌](1)「かるし」は「かろし」の母音交替形。「かるし」の方が古いとするが逆の説もある。
(2)上代には形容詞としての確例はないが、語幹が地名「軽」を指すのに使われる。平安、鎌倉時代には「かろし」の方が普通に使われ、「かるし」は用例が少ない。
(3)中世以降は、「かろし（い）」と併用されるが、狂言や抄物では「かるい」の方が普通であり、キリシタン資料でも口語性の強い作品で「かるい」、文語系の作品で「かろい」が使用されることが多い。ただ、口語形を多く載せるといわれる「甲陽軍鑑」の写本などでは「かろい」の方が多いので、「かるい」を口語形であるとは決めがたい。「日葡辞書」も両形を載せている。
(4)近世においても、近松や西鶴の作品には両形見られるが、近代以降「かるい」の方が優勢となる。かる‐げ〘形動〙かる‐さ〘名〙かる‐み〘名〙

かろ・い【軽】

〘形口〙かろ・し〘形ク〙＝かるい（軽）① 目方が少ない。重くない。※源氏（1001‐14頃）乙女「風にちる紅葉はかろし春の色をいはねの松にかけてこそみめ」※尋常小学読本（1887）〈文部省〉三「荷をかろくせんとて」② たいした程度でない。重大でない。※源氏（1001‐14頃）常夏「まだ下臈なり。世の聞き耳かろしとおもはれば」※徒然草（1331頃）六〇「世をかろく思ひたる曲者にて」③ 重みがない。軽薄である。また、軽率である。※宇津保（970‐999頃）祭の使「君がためかろき心もなきものを涙にうかぶころにもあるかな」④ 軽快である。機敏である。※俳諧・俳諧一葉集（1827）「山おろし小柴のかげにさっと吹しら雲かろき手水手ぬぐひ〈似春〉」※鳥影（1908）〈石川啄木〉四「下駄を脱ぐ音がして、軽(カロ)い跫音が次の間に入った」⑤ 淡泊である。あっさりしている。※浮世草子・西鶴置土産（1693）一「世はかろく暮して埒(らち)をあけぬ」⑥ 身分が低い。※源氏（1001‐14頃）桐壺「をのづから、かろきかたにも見えしを」[語誌]→「かるい（軽）」の語誌。かろ‐げ〘形動〙かろ‐さ〘名〙かろ‐み〘名〙

かる‐・む【軽】

[1] 〘自マ四〙軽くなる。かろむ。※青表紙一本源氏（1001‐14頃）玉鬘「ともかくも引き助けさせ給はむ事こそは、罪かるませ給はめ」※あさぢが露（１３Ｃ後）「ただ罪深き身かるむばかりに静かにおはせん折は経など読みてきかせ給はば」[2] 〘他マ下二〙① 重さやものごとの程度などを軽くする。かろむ。※羅葡日辞書（1595）「イタミヲ carumuru(カルムル) ツケグスリ」※こんてむつすむん地（1610）二「人は、善のよろこびをもてこころをかるめられずといふ事なし」② 存在や価値を軽く見る。軽視する。ばかにする。あなどる。かろむ。※源氏（1001‐14頃）若菜下「さだ過ぎ人をも、同じくなずらへ聞えて、いたくなかるめ給ひそ」

かろ‐・む【軽】

[1] 〘自マ四〙軽くなる。かるむ。※源氏（1001‐14頃）玉鬘「ともかくも引き助けさせ給はむ事こそは、罪かろませ給はめ」[2] 〘他マ下二〙① 重さや物事の程度を軽くする。かるむ。※源氏（1001‐14頃）賢木「我にその罪をかろめてゆるし給へ」② 軽く見る。ばかにする。あなどる。かるむ。※源氏（1001‐14頃）行幸「さかしらに迎へ給ひて、かろめ嘲(あざけ)り給ふ」[3] 〘他マ四〙 (二)②に同じ。※蘇悉地羯羅経略疏天暦五年点（951）「軽(カロミ)蔑(ないがしろにする)ことらを懐くこと无(な)し」

かる【軽】

〘名〙① 袋入りまたは俵入りの穀類の中身が正確な量目よりも減っていること。海運業者仲間の語で、減量の大きなものを大軽、小さなものを小軽という。② 漢語や国語のアクセントを示す四声説で、その声調の中で高く始まる音を示す語。「平の軽」「入の軽」などという。※わらんべ草（1660）二「＼・ヨ上声のかる〈略〉＼＋‥ 入声のかる」③ 「かるがも（軽鴨）」の略。※俳諧・滑稽雑談（1713）五月「黒鴨子仙覚万葉抄云、黒鴨一名かると云は、鴨の類也」

かろ‐・ぶ【軽】

〘自バ上二〙① 身軽な様子である。かるがるとしている。※枕（１０Ｃ終）三五「さばかりかろびすずしげなる御中に、あつかはしげなるべけれど」② 軽率にふるまう。軽薄で重みがない。※源氏（1001‐14頃）帚木「かかるすきごとどもを、末の世にも聞きつたへて、かろびたる名をや流さむ」③ 軽い身分である。身分が低い。※源氏（1001‐14頃）竹河「いとかろびたる程に侍めれど、おぼし許す方もや」

かろん‐・ずる【軽】

〘他サ変〙かろん・ず〘他サ変〙① 程度を軽くする。※平家（１３Ｃ前）二「刑の疑はしきをばかろんぜよ」② 軽く見る。ばかにする。あなどる。軽蔑する。※太平記（１４Ｃ後）二七「君を軽(カロ)んじ仏神をだにも恐るる処なき末世なれば」③ 惜しくないと思う。大切なものでないと思う。※平家（１３Ｃ前）七「命をかろんじ、義をおもんじて、一戦の功をはげますといへ共」