...In 1842, Marie JPFlourens (1797-1867) reported that partially destroying the semicircular canals of pigeons caused them to bend their heads and walk poorly, and it became clear that the semicircular canals were important in maintaining balance. Since then, many researchers have elucidated the detailed functions of the semicircular canals, and in the 20th century, Robert Bárány published a testing method using temperature and rotational stimuli, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Since then, the significance of the semicircular canals in maintaining balance and the role of the semicircular canals in balance function tests have become increasingly clear, and continue to be so to this day. From the Balance Function Test...There are also writing tests to see if a person can write with their eyes closed. Historically, tests of balance function were established in the 20th century, especially after R. Bárány published a test method using temperature and rotational stimuli. In recent years, the study of bodily balance has come to be called neuro-otology, and it has become a broad field of research that covers not only the inner ear and vestibulocochlear nerve, but also the brain and spinal cord, and has made remarkable progress with the development of instruments. From [Vertigo]… The word vertigo was already in use in Greek times, and records of the condition appear to date back quite some time. However, detailed research into vertigo made rapid progress from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, when French physician Prosper Ménière (1799-1862) reported cases of vertigo caused by diseases of the inner ear, and Robert Bárány (1876-1936) published a series of studies focusing on the physiology and testing methods of the inner ear. In recent years, research into vertigo has made even more remarkable progress as neuro-otology, and its results are becoming established. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Bárány, R." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…すなわち1842年フルーランMarie J.P.Flourens(1797‐1867)が,鳩の三半規管を部分的に破壊すると頭がまがったり,うまく歩けなくなることを発表してから,三半規管が身体の平衡保持に重要な場所であることがわかってきた。その後,多くの研究者により三半規管の詳細な働きが解明され,さらに20世紀に入ってから,バーラーニRobert Bárányが温度刺激・回転刺激による検査法を発表して,その功績によりノーベル賞を受賞した。以来三半規管の身体平衡保持における意義あるいは平衡機能検査の中にしめる三半規管の役割がますます明確となり,今日に至っている。… 【平衡機能検査】より…また目を閉じて字が書けるかどうかをみる書字検査も行われている。 歴史的に平衡機能検査が確立されてきたのは20世紀に入ってからで,とくにバーラーニR.Bárányが温度刺激・回転刺激による検査法を発表して以来である。近年,身体の平衡を研究する学問は神経耳科学と呼ばれ,内耳や内耳神経ばかりでなく,脳や脊髄に至るまで幅広く研究されるようになり,器械の発達とともにめざましい進歩を遂げている。… 【めまい】より… めまいという言葉は,すでにギリシア時代にもあり,その記載はかなり昔からあるようである。しかしめまいに関する研究が詳細に行われ,急速な進歩をとげたのは,フランスの医師メニエールProsper Ménière(1799‐1862)が内耳の病気が原因となっためまい症例を報告し,バーラーニRobert Bárány(1876‐1936)が内耳の生理や検査法を中心とする一連の研究を発表した,19世紀後半から20世紀初めにかけてであった。近年,めまいの研究は神経耳科学として,さらにめざましい進歩をとげ,その成果が確立されつつある。… ※「Bárány,R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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