Its official name is the Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (English) or Protocol pour le réglement pacifique des différends internationaux (French). It was adopted at the 5th General Assembly of the League of Nations on October 2, 1924, and consists of a preamble and 21 articles. It was created with the aim of resolving international disputes peacefully through the three principles of arbitration, security, and disarmament, and to supplement the shortcomings of the League of Nations. The preamble stipulates that wars of aggression are international crimes. In particular, the Protocol provides for the issuance of binding adjudication and resolution of all international disputes. In other words, the contracting parties recognize the compulsory jurisdiction of the Permanent Court of International Justice under Article 36, paragraph 2 of the Statute, and other disputes are ultimately resolved by review by the Council of the League of Nations or by arbitration. Any country that refused to submit to the dispute settlement procedures established by this protocol, or that resorted to war in defiance of the Council's recommendations and court decisions, was to be declared an aggressor and sanctions were to be imposed. Furthermore, the Protocol's entry into force was subject to the adoption and implementation of a disarmament plan. Nineteen countries, including France, signed the Protocol, but due to the influence of the United Kingdom's formal announcement at the League's 33rd Council in March 1925 that it would not join, the necessary number of ratifications were not obtained and the Protocol never came into force. The League's measures to strengthen security, led by France, suffered setbacks following the Mutual Assistance Treaty (1923), and Britain, the cause of this, would go on to work on the Rhineland Security Treaty, which would eventually become the Locarno Treaty (1925). [Takako Ueda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
正式名称は国際紛争平和的処理議定書Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes(英語)/Protocole pour le réglement pacifique des différends internationaux(フランス語)である。1924年10月2日に国際連盟第5回総会で採決され、前文および21か条からなる。仲裁裁判、安全保障、軍備縮小の3原則によって国際紛争を平和的に解決し、国際連盟の欠陥を補完する目的で作成され、前文では侵略戦争は国際犯罪と規定されている。同議定書は、とくに、あらゆる国際紛争に拘束力ある裁決を下し、解決に導くことを取り決めている。すなわち、常設国際司法裁判所規程第36条2項が規定する紛争の義務的管轄を締約国が承認し、それ以外の紛争は最終的に国際連盟理事会による審査、あるいは仲裁裁判によって解決される。ここに定められた紛争解決手続に付すことを拒否し、また理事会の勧告、裁判判決に反して戦争に訴えた国は、侵略国と認定され、制裁が実施されることになっていた。さらに、議定書の発効は、軍縮計画の採択・実効に従属していた。同議定書には、フランスなど19か国が署名したが、イギリスが1925年3月の連盟第33回理事会で正式に不加入を表明したことが影響し、必要な数の批准が得られず未発効に終わった。フランスを中心とする連盟の安全保障強化のための方策は、相互援助条約案(1923)に続いて挫折(ざせつ)し、この原因となったイギリスは、以後、ロカルノ条約(1925)に結実されるラインラントの安全保障条約案の具体化に乗り出すことになる。 [植田隆子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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