...Of course, daula is a concept centered on the caliphate or royal family that holds the ruling power, and does not correspond to the so-called "state" itself. If we focus on the area of the king's rule, the word mamlaka (kingdom) was often used, and wilaya (ḥukūma in the Ottoman Dynasty), which means government or governing body, was also used, but these were only terms that indicated one aspect of the Islamic state. The reason why there was no specific term to describe the state itself in the Islamic world is that Muslims perceived the essence of the Islamic state as a collection of individual Muslims who recognize the authority of the caliph by oath (bay'a), that is, as the umma or jama'a. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Wilaya" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…もちろんダウラは支配権を担うカリフ一族や王家を中心とする概念であって,いわゆる〈国家〉そのものには該当しない。王権の支配領域に着目すれば,マムラカmamlaka(王国)の語もよく用いられ,また政府や統治機関を意味するウィラーヤwilāya(オスマン朝ではフクーマḥukūma)も使用されたが,これらはいずれもイスラム国家の一つの側面を示す用語にすぎなかった。このように国家そのものを表す固有の用語がイスラム世界に存在しなかったのは,ムスリムにとってイスラム国家の本質がカリフの権威を誓約(バイア)によって認める個々のムスリムの集合体,つまりウンマあるいはジャマーアとして意識されていたからにほかならない。… ※「ウィラーヤ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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