[ I ] Abbreviation for diethyl ether. Most widely used as a solvent. [CAS 60-29-7] [ II ] A general term for organic compounds ROR' in which two hydrocarbon groups R and R' are bonded to an oxygen atom. When R = R', they are called simple ethers, and when R ≠ R', they are called mixed ethers. Depending on the type of R and R', they are also called aliphatic ethers or aromatic ethers. In common names, the name of the hydrocarbon group is followed by ether, so simple ethers are called methyl ether, ethyl ether, etc., and mixed ethers are called ethyl methyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, etc. The COC bond in an ether is called an ether bond. Heterocyclic compounds with an ether bond in the ring are sometimes called cyclic ethers. In the IUPAC nomenclature system, the RO-atom group is called "alkoxy", and ethers are considered to be derivatives of this, and are named "methoxyethane" instead of "ethyl methyl ether". Phenol ethers are widely found in the plant kingdom, and many are used as fragrances. Lower aliphatic ethers are produced by reacting alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid. Phenyl ethers in particular are synthesized by reacting phenoxides with alkyl halides or methyl sulfate (Williamson's ether synthesis), or from phenol and diazomethane. Ethers are generally neutral, volatile liquids with a pleasant odor. They are poorly soluble in water, but easily soluble in organic solvents. They are chemically stable and do not react with metallic sodium, but they decompose with hydrogen iodide, phosphorus pentachloride, etc. to produce alcohols and halides. ROAr + HI → ArOH + RI ROR′ + PCl 5 → RCl + R′Cl + POCl 3 Ethers form molecular compounds with hydrogen halides, boron fluorides, Grignard reagents, etc. Examples: R 2 O·HX, R 2 O·BF 3 , R 2 O·R′MgI. [See other terms] Crown ether, polyether Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
【Ⅰ】ジエチルエーテルの略称.溶媒などとしてもっとも広く用いられる.[CAS 60-29-7]【Ⅱ】酸素原子に2個の炭化水素基R,R′が結合した有機化合物R-O-R′の総称.R = R′のものを単一エーテル,R≠R′のものを混成エーテルという.R,R′の種類により脂肪族エーテル,芳香族エーテルともよばれる.慣用名では炭化水素基名にエーテルをつけて,単一エーテルはメチルエーテル,エチルエーテルなど,混成エーテルはエチルメチルエーテル,メチルフェニルエーテルなどとよばれる.エーテル中のC-O-C結合はエーテル結合という.環内にエーテル結合をもつ複素環式化合物を環式エーテルとよぶこともある.IUPAC命名法では,RO-原子団を“アルコキシ”とよび,エーテルはその誘導体とみなし,“エチルメチルエーテル”のかわりに“メトキシエタン”と命名する.フェノールエーテルは植物界に広く存在し,香料として利用されるものが多い.低位の脂肪族エーテルはアルコールに濃硫酸を作用させてつくる.とくにフェニルエーテル類は,フェノキシドにハロゲン化アルキルや硫酸メチルを作用させるか(ウィリアムソンのエーテル合成),あるいはフェノールとジアゾメタンから合成される.エーテルは,一般に中性の快香のある揮発性液体である.水に難溶,有機溶媒に易溶.化学的には安定で,金属ナトリウムも反応しないが,ヨウ化水素,五塩化リンなどで分解して,アルコールやハロゲン化物を生成する. ROAr + HI → ArOH + RI ROR′ + PCl5 → RCl + R′Cl + POCl3 エーテルは,ハロゲン化水素,フッ化ホウ素,グリニャール試薬などと分子化合物をつくる.例:R2O・HX,R2O・BF3,R2O・R′MgI.[別用語参照]クラウンエーテル,ポリエーテル 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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