Commonwealth of Independent States; CIS

Japanese: 独立国家共同体 - どくりつこっかきょうどうたい(英語表記)Commonwealth of Independent States; CIS
Commonwealth of Independent States; CIS
A free association of sovereign states (→ Union of States) consisting of 11 republics that were formerly part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Founded in 1991. Russian: Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv. On December 8, 1991, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus signed an agreement to create a new association to replace the Soviet Union, paving the way for the creation of the CIS. The Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Zakhakhkazian Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova joined next. The three Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia did not join, and Georgia joined in 1993. It was officially launched on December 21, 1991 (→ Alma-Ata Declaration), and began operations the following January 1992 with its headquarters in Minsk, Belarus. The CIS has the function of coordinating policies on economy, foreign affairs, defense, migration, environmental protection, and law enforcement among member states. The highest governing body is a council consisting of the heads of state (presidents) and heads of government (prime ministers) of the member states, assisted by committees consisting of ministers in charge of major areas such as economy and defense. Member states promised to place their armed forces and Soviet nuclear weapons deployed on their territories under a single unified command system. In practice, however, this proved to be a difficult task. Coordination to introduce market economies and private property to each member state was also difficult. In 2005, Turkmenistan became an associate member state. In August 2008, in response to the intensification of fighting between Russia and Georgia over the South Ossetia Autonomous Region, which seeks independence from Georgia, Georgia announced its intention to leave the CIS, and formally did so in August 2009.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ソビエト社会主義共和国連邦を構成していた 11共和国からなる主権国家の自由連合体(→国家連合)。1991年設立。ロシア語 Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv。1991年12月8日,ロシア,ウクライナ,ベラルーシの首脳がソ連にかわる新連合を創設する合意書に署名し,CIS設立への道筋をつけた。続いて中央アジアのカザフスタン,キルギスタン,タジキスタン,トルクメニスタン,ウズベキスタン,ザカフカジエのアルメニア,アゼルバイジャンおよびモルドバが加盟した。バルト3国のリトアニア,ラトビア,エストニアは加盟せず,ジョージア(グルジア)は 1993年に加盟した。1991年12月21日に正式に発足し(→アルマアタ宣言),翌 1992年1月ベラルーシのミンスクに本部を置き運営を開始した。CISは経済,外交,防衛,移住,環境保護,法執行に関する政策を加盟国間で調整する機能をもつ。最上層の統治機関は加盟国の元首(大統領)と政府首脳(首相)が構成する評議会で,各国政府の経済や防衛など主要分野の担当閣僚で構成する委員会が補佐する。加盟国は,自国の軍隊と自国領内に配備されたソ連の核兵器を単一の統合司令系統下に置くことを約束した。しかし実際にはこれは困難な課題となった。各国に市場経済と私有財産の導入をはかるための調整も難航した。2005年トルクメニスタンが準加盟国へ移行。2008年8月,ジョージアからの分離独立を目指す南オセチヤ自治州をめぐってロシアとジョージアの間で交戦状態が激化したのをうけ,ジョージアは CIS離脱の意思を表明,2009年8月に正式に脱退した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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