Edirne - Edirne (English spelling)

Japanese: エディルネ - えでぃるね(英語表記)Edirne
Edirne - Edirne (English spelling)

A city located in the western part of Turkey, on the western edge of the European side, bordering Greece. It is the capital of Edirne Province. It has a population of 119,298 (2000). It is located at the confluence of the Meriç River and its tributary, the Tunca River. It is the western gateway to Turkey and a key point for rail and road transportation. It also has industries such as carpets and leather. It was the former capital of the Ottoman Empire, and famous buildings such as the Selimiye Mosque and Uç Serefeli Mosque, designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, remain.

[End line]

history

Founded by the Thracians in ancient times, it was called Uskadama. Around 125 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian rebuilt it and renamed it Hadrianopolis, and it later came to be called Adrianople. Located at a strategically important transportation point, it developed as a provincial capital during the late Roman Empire. In 378, the Visigoths defeated and killed the Roman Emperor Valens near the city in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the migration of Germanic peoples. It continued to develop as a key city in the Thracian region of the Byzantine Empire, but in 1361 it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, who advanced from the east, and it was renamed Edirne, and became their capital from 1365 onwards. After the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople (Istanbul), it became Turkey's second largest city and a base for Balkan domination. During the Russo-Turkish Wars of the 19th century, it was occupied by Russia twice (1829, 1878), and Greek independence was recognized in the peace treaty (Peace of Adrianople) concluded in the city in 1829. It became a Bulgarian territory in 1913, but was returned to Turkey by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.

[Atsuko Goto and Yuzo Nagata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トルコ西部、ヨーロッパ側の西端にあってギリシアとの国境に接する都市。エディルネ県の県都。人口11万9298(2000)。メリチ川とその支流トゥンジャ川の合流点に位置する。トルコの西の玄関口であり、鉄道・道路交通の要衝である。じゅうたん、皮革などの工業もみられる。オスマン・トルコ帝国の旧都であり、オスマン・トルコの建築家ミマル・シナンの設計によるセリミエ・モスクやウチュ・シェレフェリ・モスクなどの名建築が残されている。

[末尾至行]

歴史

古代にトラキア人が建設し、ウスカダマUskadamaとよばれていた。125年ごろローマのハドリアヌス帝が再建し、ハドリアノポリスHadrianopolisと改名したことから、のちにアドリアノープルAdrianopleと称されるようになった。交通、戦略上の要衝にあり、ローマ帝政後期には州都として発展。378年、同市近郊で西ゴート人がローマのウァレンス帝を敗死させた「アドリアノープルの戦い」は、ゲルマン民族移動の開始を告げる事件であった。ビザンティン帝国におけるトラキア地方の要都として発展を続けたが、1361年、東方から進出したオスマン・トルコに征服され、エディルネと改称、1365年以後その首都となった。同王朝のコンスタンティノープル(イスタンブール)征服後はトルコ第二の都市として、バルカン支配の拠点となった。19世紀のロシア・トルコ戦争では二度(1829、1878)ロシアに占領され、1829年に同市で結ばれた和約(アドリアノープルの和)ではギリシアの独立が承認された。1913年ブルガリア領となるが、23年ローザンヌ条約によりトルコに返還された。

[後藤篤子・永田雄三]

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