Also called ethanol. Chemical formula: C 2 H 5 OH. It is also called alcohol because it is found in various alcoholic beverages. Sake contains 15%, beer 2-6%, and whiskey 35-43%. It is produced by fermenting starch and sugar, producing fusel oil as a by-product. It is refined by distillation. Pure alcohol has a boiling point of 78.3°C. It mixes freely with water and forms an azeotrope with water. It is hygroscopic, so care must be taken when dehydrating alcohol. Calcium oxide is used for dehydration. Metallic calcium or magnesium is then added and distilled to remove traces of water. In industry, benzene is added and the water is distilled off as three components (water, alcohol, and benzene). Ethyl alcohol mixes freely with water and other organic solvents. It also dissolves inorganic substances to a certain extent. Commercially available absolute alcohol is usually 99.11% or higher. It is difficult to reduce, and when oxidized, it produces acetaldehyde and then acetic acid. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エタノールともいう。化学式 C2H5OH 。各種アルコール飲料に含まれているため,酒精とも呼ばれる。日本酒 15%,ビール2~6%,ウイスキーには 35~43%含まれる。デンプン,糖の発酵によって生成され,副生成物としてフーゼル油を生じる。蒸留によって精製する。純粋なアルコールは沸点 78.3℃。水と自由に混合し,また水と共沸混合物をつくる。吸湿性があるので,アルコール脱水には注意を要する。脱水には酸化カルシウムが用いられる。さらに金属カルシウム,またはマグネシウムを加え,蒸留して微量の水分を除く。工業的にはベンゼンを加え,蒸留することによって水を3成分 (水,アルコール,ベンゼン) として留去する。エチルアルコールは水および他の有機溶媒と自由に混合する。無機物もある程度溶解する。通常,市販無水アルコールは 99.11%以上のものをいう。還元されにくく,酸化するとアセトアルデヒドを経て酢酸を生成する。
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